Table 3. Predictors of being prescribed an antimalarial when the diagnostic test result for malaria was negative among infants tested in Ugandan Primary Health centers.
| Patient with a negative test result for malaria | Univariate analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Total (N = 4,972) | %Prescribed an antimalarial (N = 1,545) | cOR (95% CI) | P Value | aOR (95% CI) | P Value |
| Age group | ||||||
| 1–6 days | 126 | 34.1% | 0.81 (0.55, 1.19) | 0.29 | *0.47 (0.32, 0.69) | <0.0001 |
| 7–31 days | 338 | 28.7% | 0.62 (0.48, 0.82) | 0.001 | *0.38 (0.18, 0.79) | 0.01 |
| 1–2 months | 565 | 22.5% | 0.45 (0.36, 0.57) | <0.0001 | *0.38 (0.25, 0.56) | <0.0001 |
| 2–3 months | 776 | 24.5% | 0.51 (0.42, 0.62) | <0.0001 | *0.48 (0.34,0.68) | <0.0001 |
| 3–4 months | 914 | 27.9% | 0.61 (0.50, 0.73) | <0.0001 | *0.60 (0.50, 0.73) | <0.0001 |
| 4–5 months | 1,109 | 34.9% | 0.84 (0.71, 0.99) | 0.04 | *0.82 (0.69, 0.97) | 0.02 |
| 5–6 months | 1,144 | 39.0% | ref | Ref | ref | Ref |
| Fever | 4,018 | 31.6% | 1.85 (1.38, 2.49) | <0.0001 | *2.22 (1.47, 3.34) | <0.0001 |
| Cough or cold diagnosis | 1,657 | 20.9% | 0.47 (0.41, 0.53) | <0.0001 | *0.39 (0.29, 0.51) | <0.0001 |
| Diarrhea diagnosis | 702 | 25.5% | 0.73 (0.61, 0.87) | 0.001 | *0.62 (0.43, 0.89) | 0.01 |
| Pneumonia diagnosis | 634 | 22.4% | 0.60 (0.49, 0.73) | <0.0001 | *0.35 (0.25, 0.48) | <0.0001 |
| UTI diagnosis | 259 | 5.8% | 0.13 (0.08, 0.22) | <0.0001 | *0.16 (0.07, 0.35) | <0.0001 |
| Anemia diagnosis | 33 | 63.6% | 3.92 (1.92, 7.99) | <0.0001 | *3.51 (1.42, 8.70) | 0.01 |
| Return visit | 56 | 48.2% | 2.12 (1.25, 3.60) | 0.01 | 1.55 (0.74, 3.23) | 0.24 |
| Health provider | ||||||
| Medical officer | 94 | 20.2% | ref | Ref | ref | Ref |
| Clinical officer | 2,506 | 28.5% | 1.56 (0.94, 2.61) | 0.08 | 2.01 (0.97, 4.15) | 0.06 |
| Nurse | 1,130 | 28.5% | 1.57 (0.94, 2.65) | 0.09 | 2.13 (0.99, 4.58) | 0.05 |
| Midwife | 32 | 40.6% | 2.70 (1.14, 6.43) | 0.03 | *3.58 (1.08, 11.8) | 0.04 |
| Other (less skilled) | 581 | 43.2% | 3.00 (1.77, 5.10) | <0.0001 | *4.75 (2.01, 11.2) | <0.0001 |
| EIR area | ||||||
| Very high | 3,166 | 28.4% | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| Medium-high | 1,267 | 40.3% | 1.70 (1.49, 1.95) | <0.0001 | *2.20 (1.48 3.25) | <0.0001 |
| Low EIR | 313 | 31.6% | 1.16 (0.91, 1.50) | 0.23 | 1.34 (0.29, 6.01) | 0.71 |
| Very low | 226 | 15.5% | 0.46 (0.32, 0.67) | <0.0001 | 0.43 (0.16, 1.20) | 0.11 |
| Clinically active staff quartile | ||||||
| Lowest | 1,063 | 22.9% | ref | ref | ref | Ref |
| 2nd quartile | 1,370 | 29.6% | 1.42 (1.18, 1.70) | <0.0001 | 1.14 (0.79, 1.65) | 0.48 |
| 3rd quartile | 1,448 | 32.0% | 1.59 (1.33, 1.91) | <0.0001 | 0.96 (0.67, 1.36) | 0.80 |
| Highest | 1,091 | 39.7% | 2.22 (1.84, 2.68) | <0.0001 | 1.23 (0.87, 1.74) | 0.25 |
| Hospital | 864 | 41.3% | 1.73 (1.49, 2.01) | <0.0001 | *3.31 (1.10, 9.96) | 0.03 |
| Private Not for Profit | 729 | 38.0% | 1.44 (1.22, 1.69) | <0.0001 | 1.34 (0.57, 3.12) | 0.51 |
| Antimalarial shortage | 754 | 48.4% | 2.42 (2.06, 2.83) | <0.0001 | *1.82 (1.03, 3.21) | 0.04 |
| Antibiotic shortage | 2,121 | 39.3% | 1.92 (1.70, 2.17) | <0.0001 | *2.23 (1.03, 4.83) | 0.042 |
| ORS shortage | 1,160 | 39.1% | 1.59 (1.39, 1.83) | <0.0001 | 1.36 (0.96, 1.93) | 0.09 |
* Statistically significant at 0.05 level.