Table 2.
Predictive factors for Post-discharge Infections and Hospitalizations (Unadjusted)
| Post-Discharge Infections | Post-Discharge Hospitalizations | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Rate Ratio | 95% CI | p-value | Rate Ratio | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Sepsis | 5.68 | 3.21–10.03 | < 0.0001 | 8.06 | 3.66–17.26 | < 0.0001 |
| Age (by Quartile) | ||||||
| 1st Quartile (34–54 years) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| 2nd Quartile (55–68 years) | 1.57 | 0.71–3.49 | 0.26 | 1.64 | 0.61–4.43 | 0.33 |
| 3rd Quartile (69–77 years) | 1.11 | 0.47–2.61 | 0.8 | 1.28 | 0.43–3.79 | 0.66 |
| 4th Quartile (78–98 years) | 2.73 | 1.27–5.89 | 0.01 | 3.35 | 1.26–8.81 | 0.02 |
| Race | ||||||
| White Race | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Black Race | 0.81 | 0.47–1.38 | 0.43 | 1.02 | 0.55–1.88 | 0.95 |
| Other Race | 0.40 | 0.17–0.93 | 0.03 | 0.33 | 0.09–1.17 | 0.09 |
| White Race vs Non-white (ref) | 1.44 | 0.87–2.40 | 0.16 | 1.21 | 0.66–2.21 | 0.53 |
| From | ||||||
| From Home | Ref | Ref | ||||
| From Nursing Home | 3.11 | 1.87–5.21 | < 0.0001 | 3.17 | 1.78–5.66 | < 0.0001 |
| From Other | 0.50 | 0.22–1.16 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 0.05–0.87 | 0.03 |
| From Nursing Home vs Not (ref) | 3.51 | 2.16–5.71 | < 0.0001 | 3.87 | 2.19–6.85 | < 0.0001 |
| ICU LOS (by Quartile) | ||||||
| 1st Quartile (2 days) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| 2nd Quartile (3–4 days) | 1.14 | 0.51–2.53 | 0.76 | 1.13 | 0.42–3.03 | 0.81 |
| 3rd Quartile (5–8 days) | 2.90 | 1.6–5.24 | 0.004 | 2.68 | 1.11–6.46 | 0.03 |
| 4th Quartile (9–147 days) | 2.11 | 1.01–4.40 | 0.04 | 1.89 | 0.73–4.88 | 0.19 |
| Hosp LOS (by Quartile) | ||||||
| 1st Quartile (2–5 days) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| 2nd Quartile (6–12 days) | 1.11 | 0.49–2.50 | 0.8 | 1.56 | 0.52–4.70 | 0.43 |
| 3rd Quartile (13–28 days) | 2.46 | 1.22–4.98 | 0.01 | 3.01 | 1.13–8.05 | 0.03 |
| 4th Quartile (31–147 days) | 3.02 | 1.42–6.40 | 0.004 | 2.97 | 1.04–8.44 | 0.04 |
| Cardiac | 1.14 | 0.59–2.23 | 0.69 | 1.69 | 0.76–3.73 | 0.20 |
| Neurologic | 2.00 | 1.19–3.37 | 0.009 | 2.38 | 1.30–4.35 | 0.005 |
| Malignancy | 0.92 | 0.46–1.82 | 0.8 | 0.76 | 0.37–1.55 | 0.45 |
| Diabetes | 0.73 | 0.41–1.30 | 0.28 | 0.62 | 0.34–1.16 | 0.14 |
| Gastrointestinal | 0.57 | 0.23–1.41 | 0.22 | 0.75 | 0.31–1.83 | 0.52 |
| Pulmonary | 0.77 | 0.42–1.43 | 0.41 | 0.72 | 0.37–1.41 | 0.34 |
| Catheter/Foreign Body | 4.03 | 2.54–6.38 | < 0.0001 | 5.02 | 2.95–8.55 | < 0.0001 |
| Renal | 0.88 | 0.52–1.47 | 0.62 | 1.12 | 0.62–2.03 | 0.71 |
| Prior Infection | 2.78 | 1.63–4.73 | 0.0002 | 4.05 | 2.09–7.84 | < 0.0001 |
| Substance Abuse | 0.44 | 0.24–0.82 | 0.01 | 0.35 | 0.15–0.79 | 0.01 |
| APACHE (by Quartile) | ||||||
| 1st Quartile (8–16) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| 2nd Quartile (17–20) | 0.85 | 0.42–1.69 | 0.63 | 0.85 | 0.38–1.90 | 0.69 |
| 3rd Quartile (21–25) | 1.00 | 0.49–2.07 | 0.99 | 1.06 | 0.46–2.47 | 0.89 |
| 4th Quartile (26–42) | 1.42 | 0.68–2.95 | 0.35 | 0.96 | 0.40–2.27 | 0.92 |
| Mechanical Ventilation | 0.95 | 0.49–1.85 | 0.88 | 0.91 | 0.43–1.95 | 0.81 |
| Pressors | 2.13 | 1.14–3.97 | 0.02 | 1.71 | 0.85–3.42 | 0.13 |
| Acute renal failure | 1.28 | 0.75–2.18 | 0.36 | 0.99 | 0.54–1.83 | 0.99 |
| New hemodialysis | 1.10 | 0.34–3.61 | 0.87 | 1.30 | 0.38–4.44 | 0.68 |
| Albumin (by Quartile) | ||||||
| 1st Quartile (1.1–2.2 g/dL) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| 2nd Quartile (2.3–2.7 g/dL) | 1.11 | 0.58–2.13 | 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.34–1.55 | 0.41 |
| 3rd Quartile (2.8–3.3 g/dL) | 0.65 | 0.34–1.26 | 0.2 | 0.59 | 0.28–1.25 | 0.17 |
| 4th Quartile (3.4–4.7 g/dL) | 0.35 | 0.14–0.83 | 0.02 | 0.31 | 0.12–0.84 | 0.02 |
| Albumin (Continuous) | 0.52 | 0.38–0.69 | < 0.0001 | 0.51 | 0.35–0.75 | 0.0005 |
| Mean blood sugar (by Quartile) | ||||||
| 1st Quartile (82–116 mg/dL) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| 2nd Quartile (117–130 mg/dL) | 0.59 | 0.28–1.22 | 0.15 | 0.55 | 0.24–1.30 | 0.18 |
| 3rd Quartile (130–165 mg/dL) | 0.70 | 0.34–1.44 | 0.33 | 0.64 | 0.29–1.45 | 0.29 |
| 4th Quartile (166–528 mg/dL) | 0.69 | 0.37–1.30 | 0.26 | 0.56 | 0.26–1.22 | 0.15 |
| Lactate (by Quartile) | ||||||
| 1st Quartile (0.5–0.9 mmol/L) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| 2nd Quartile (1–1.9 mmol/L) | 0.96 | 0.47–1.95 | 0.91 | 1.00 | 0.41–2.42 | 1.00 |
| 3rd Quartile (2–3.2 mmol/L) | 1.30 | 0.65–2.61 | 0.45 | 0.94 | 0.42–2.10 | 0.88 |
| 4th Quartile (3.3–20.6 mmol/L) | 1.13 | 0.51–2.49 | 0.76 | 0.87 | 0.34–2.22 | 0.77 |
Predictive factors for post-discharge infections were measured based on univariable and multivariable proportional rates/means models. Risk factors for hospital readmission for infection were calculated based on univariable and multivariable proportional rates/means models.
Variable selection for multivariable models was performed by backward selection based on Wald criteria. ICU = intensive care unit; LOS = length of stay; APACHE = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation.