Table 8.
Outcomes of the information and communication technology interventions for person-centered care and connected-care management.
| Outcomes | Overall N=350 |
Diabetes n=103 |
Cardiovascular n=89 |
Respiratory n=73 |
Cancer n=67 |
Stroke n=18 |
|||||||
|
|
Pos | Neg | Pos | Neg | Pos | Neg | Pos | Neg | Pos | Neg | Pos | Neg | |
|
|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| No outcomes | 25 (7) |
|
11 (3) |
|
6 (2) |
|
3 (1) |
|
5 (1) |
|
|
|
|
| Person outcomes | 224 (64) | 45 (13) | 79 (23) | 9 (3) | 45 (13) | 12 (3) | 45 (13) | 19 (5) | 42 (12) | 4 (1) | 13 (4) | 1 (0) | |
|
|
Quality of life | 46 (13) | 6 (2) |
|
|
28 (8) | 1 (0) | 8 (2) | 3 (1) | 8 (2) | 2 (1) | 2 (1) |
|
|
|
Health-related quality of life | 28 (8) | 18 (5) | 8 (2) | 5 (1) | 3 (1) |
|
14 (4) | 12 (3) | 3 (1) | 1 (0) |
|
|
|
|
Mental health–related quality of life | 1 (0) |
|
1 (0) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mortality (less) | 1 (0) | 11 (3) |
|
|
1 (0) | 11 (3) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Self-efficacy | 19 (5) | 4 (1) | 8 (2) | 1 (0) | 5 (1) |
|
1 (0) | 2 (1) | 3 (1) | 1 (0) | 2 (1) |
|
|
|
Empowerment (self-care) | 54 (15) | 2 (1) | 22 (6) |
|
7 (2) |
|
11 (3) | 2 (1) | 11 (3) |
|
3 (1) |
|
|
|
Physical condition | 49 (14) |
|
30 (9) |
|
|
|
10 (3) |
|
5 (1) |
|
4 (1) |
|
|
|
Metabolic control | 9 (3) | 1 (0) | 9 (3) | 1 (0) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pain reduction | 1 (0) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 (0) |
|
|
|
|
|
Behavior change | 3 (1) |
|
1 (0) |
|
1 (0) |
|
1 (0) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mental health condition | 13 (4) | 2 (1) |
|
2 (1) |
|
|
|
|
11 (3) |
|
2 (1) |
|
|
|
Loneliness |
|
1 (0) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 (0) |
| Connected to health professional outcomes | 81 (23) | 12 (3) | 11 (3) | 3 (1) | 32 (9) | 1 (0) | 23 (7) | 7 (2) | 6 (2) | 0 (0) | 9 (3) | 1 (0) | |
|
|
Medication adherence | 12 (3) |
|
3 (1) |
|
5 (1) |
|
4 (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Treatment adherence | 8 (2) |
|
|
|
4 (1) |
|
3 (1) |
|
|
|
1 (0) |
|
|
|
Clinical outcomes | 41 (12) | 8 (2) | 5 (1) | 3 (1) | 17 (5) |
|
11 (3) | 4 (1) | 1 (0) |
|
7 (2) | 1 (0) |
|
|
Effectives of intervention |
|
4 (1) |
|
|
|
1 (0) |
|
3 (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Documentation quality | 5 (1) |
|
|
|
1 (0) |
|
1 (0) |
|
2 (1) |
|
1 (0) |
|
|
|
Communication quality | 9 (3) |
|
3 (1) |
|
2 (1) |
|
2 (1) |
|
2 (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
Health knowledge | 6 (2) |
|
|
|
3 (1) |
|
2 (1) |
|
1 (0) |
|
|
|
| Organization outcomes (care model) | 73 (21) | 59 (17) | 18 (5) | 6 (2) | 26 (7) | 31 (9) | 12 (3) | 19 (5) | 11 (3) | 3 (1) | 6 (2) | 0 (0) | |
|
|
Cost efficiency | 38 (11) | 6 (2) | 9 (3) | 1 (0) | 15 (4) | 1 (0) | 7 (2) | 4 (1) | 7 (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
(Time) efficiency | 11 (3) |
|
5 (1) |
|
4 (1) |
|
|
|
1 (0) |
|
1 (0) |
|
|
|
Quality effectiveness | 4 (1) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) |
|
2 (1) |
|
1 (0) | 1 (0) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Productivity | 1 (0) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 (0) |
|
|
|
|
|
Less hospitalization | 6 (2) | 43 (12) |
|
2 (1) | 2 (1) | 26 (7) | 4 (1) | 13 (4) |
|
2 (1) |
|
|
|
|
Reduced comanagement | 1 (0) |
|
|
|
1 (0) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Implementation enablers / barriers (including ethical) | 6 (2) | 6 (2) | 2 (1) | 3 (1) | 2 (1) | 2 (1) |
|
1 (0) |
|
|
2 (1) |
|
|
|
Improve office visits / replace face-to-face consult | 1 (0) | 3 (1) | 1 (0) |
|
|
2 (1) |
|
|
|
1 (0) |
|
|
|
|
Improve access difficulties | 5 (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 (1) |
|
3 (1) |
|
| Technical outcomes | 91 (26) | 2 (1) | 19 (5) | 0 (0) | 22 (6) | 0 (0) | 22 (6) | 1 (0) | 23 (7) | 1 (0) | 5 (1) | 0 (0) | |
|
|
Feasibility | 35 (10) |
|
7 (2) |
|
6 (2) |
|
9 (3) |
|
10 (3) |
|
3 (1) |
|
|
|
Usability | 21 (6) |
|
5 (1) |
|
6 (2) |
|
4 (1) |
|
6 (2) |
|
|
|
|
|
Satisfaction | 28 (8) | 1 (0) | 7 (2) |
|
7 (2) |
|
8 (2) |
|
5 (1) | 1 (0) | 1 (0) |
|
|
|
Safety | 6 (2) |
|
|
|
2 (1) |
|
1 (0) |
|
2 (1) |
|
1 (0) |
|
|
|
Commercial feasibility | 1 (0) | 1 (0) |
|
|
1 (0) |
|
|
1 (0) |
|
|
|
|
| Total outcomes: positive impact | 469 (134) | 118 (34) | 127 (36) | 18 (5) | 125 (36) | 44 (13) | 102 (29) | 46 (13) | 82 (23) | 8 (2) | 33 (9) | 2 (1) | |