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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 9.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2015 Apr 9;161(2):264–276. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.02.047

Figure 1. The Gut Microbiota Modulates Host Peripheral Serotonin Levels.

Figure 1

(A) Levels of serum 5-HT. Data are normalized to serum 5-HT in SPF mice. n=8–13.

(B) Levels of colon 5-HT relative to total protein. Data are normalized to colon 5-HT relative to total protein in SPF mice. n=8–13.

(C) Colonic expression of TPH1 relative to GAPDH. Data are normalized to expression levels in SPF mice. n=4.

(D) Colonic expression of SLC6A4 relative to GAPDH.

Data are normalized to expression levels in SPF mice. n=4. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, n.s.=not statistically significant. SPF=specific pathogen-free (conventionally-colonized), GF=germ-free, CONV.=SPF conventionalized, ABX=antibiotic-treated, VEH=vehicle (water)-treated. See also Figure S1.