Table 1.

Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Inclusion	Exclusion
age 18 – 70 live within one hour drive of Morgantown insured by a participating provider English speaking BMI <37 LBP with symptoms persisting for > 3 months ODI score 10–60 VAS score of 3–8 cm	LBP due to: - spinal stenosis with pseudoclaudication - abdominal or spine tumors - spinal infection - osteoporosis with vertebral fractures - ankylosing spondylitis - spondylolisthesis w/ radiculopathy - structural kyphosis or scoliosis - radicular pain with weakness or loss of reflexes - failed back syndrome
Ability to get up and down from the floor and rise to a standing position without assistance	other conditions: - pregnancy - pre-surgical spine candidates - actively undergoing cancer treatment - confirmed fibromyalgia - abdominal hernia - compromised cardiopulmonary system - major depression (BDI-II score ≥ 20) - substance abuse issues - widespread neurological disorder - currently involved in litigation or have open   workers’ compensation case concerning   LBP practiced yoga 1x/week for ≥ 3 months   within last year
Agree to not get chiropractic treatment, massage therapy, Pilates, or acupuncture or to participate in any other yoga program
If randomized to yoga therapy group, agree to : - attend at least 20 of 24 weeks - attend at least 40 of 48 classes - agree to practice at home for 30 minutes on non-class days