Table 2.

Baseline Sociodemographics and LBP Measures

Measures	All (N=90)		Yoga (n=43)	Control (n=47)	P
Age, years (M±SEM)	48.0±1.17		48.4±1.86	47.6±1.47	.750
BMI, kg/m2 (M±SEM)	26.7±0.42		25.8±0.57	27.4±0.60	.050*
Gender (%)
Female	76.7		74.4	78.7	.748
Male	23.3		25.6	21.3
Ethnicity (%)
African-American	2.2		4.7	0	.030*
Asian-American	4.4		9.3	0
Caucasian	93.3		86.1	100
Education (%)
Some college or less	27.0		26.2	27.7	.876
College graduate	73.0		73.8	72.3
Annual household income (%)
<$35,000	18.1		18.6	17.8	.529
$35–<50,000	22.7		27.9	17.8
$50–<100,000	39.8		32.6	46.7
≥$100,000	19.3		20.9	17.8
Taking meds for LBP (%)	92.2		90.7	93.6	.606
Prior CAM usage (% yes)	63.3		55.8	70.2	.157
LBP Diagnosis (% sacroiliac-related)	43.3		39.5	46.8	.487
History of LBP	M±SEM		M±SEM	M±SEM
Months of current LBP	63.1±12.97		46.6±11.94	78.4±22.37	.214
Months since first LBP	181.4±15.27		146.1±20.22	212.8±21.77	.027*
Outcome Measures
ODI (0–100)	24.1±0.97		25.2±1.08	23.1±1.58	.260
VAS (0–100 mm)	41.5±1.81		41.9±2.44	41.2±2.67	.856
BDI-II (0–63)	8.7±0.64		9.2±0.92	8.3±0.89	.452
Treatment Expectancy – yoga (0–10)
Pre-randomization	8.0±0.15		7.8±0.23	8.1±0.21	.391
Post-randomization	7.4±0.16		7.4±0.21	7.5±0.23	.590
Pre-post randomization change	−0.5±0.16		−0.5±0.17	−0.6±0.26	.757
Treatment Expectancy – SMC (0–10)
Pre-randomization	4.7±0.19		4.8±0.32	4.7±0.24	.786
Post-randomization	4.4±0.21		4.3±0.32	4.5±0.28	.660
Pre-post randomization change	−0.4±0.22		−0.5±0.28	−0.2±0.34	.497

^*statistically significant at p < 0.05.

BMI, body mass index

M±SEM, mean ± standard error of the mean

LBP, low back pain; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index

VAS, visual analogue scale

BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory – Second Edition

SMC, standard medical care