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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 11.
Published in final edited form as: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009 Sep 1;34(19):2066–2076. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181b315cc

Table 4.

Pain medication taken for LBP

All
(N=90)
Yoga
(n=43)
Control
(n=47)
P
Taking meds for LBP (%) 92.2 90.7 93.6 .606
    NSAID/Acetaminophen only 63.3 67.4 59.6
    Muscle relaxant(s) only 1.1 0 2.1
    Opioids/Tramadol only 1.1 2.3 0
    NA + MR 14.4 7.0 21.3
    NA + OT 6.7 4.7 8.5
    NA + MR + OT 5.6 7.0 4.3
Taking two or more drug types 28.9 21.1 35.6 .147
Taken alone or in combination: % (n) % (n) % (n)
    NSAID/Acetaminophen 90.0 (81) 86.0 (37) 93.6 (44) .232
    Muscle relaxant(s) 21.1 (19) 14.0 (6) 27.7 (13) .112
    Opioids/Tramadol 13.3 (12) 14.0 (6) 12.8 (6) .869

NOTES: LBP, low back pain

NA, NSAID/Acetaminophen

MR, Muscle relaxant

OT, Opioids/Tramadol