Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by HIV status
| Characteristic | HIV-positive (n = 40) n (%) |
HIV-negative (n = 30) n (%) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, median [IQR] | 39 [30–45] | 33 [24–59] | 0.4 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 29 (73) | 22 (73) | >0.5 |
| Female | 11 (28) | 8 (27) | |
| TB treatment history | |||
| Any first-line treatment* | 29 (73) | 23 (77) | >0.5 |
| Any second-line treatment† (plus first-line) | 7 (18) | 3 (10) | |
| Unknown | 4 (10) | 4 (13) | |
| Number of resistant drugs at baseline, median [IQR]‡ | 5 [4–5] | 5 [5–5] | >0.5 |
| Ethambutol resistance | |||
| Yes | 24 (60) | 23 (77) | 0.14 |
| No | 16 (40) | 7 (23) | |
| Unknown | 0 | 0 | |
| Streptomycin resistance | |||
| Yes | 25 (63) | 19 (63) | >0.5 |
| No | 13 (33) | 9 (30) | |
| Unknown | 2 (5) | 2 (7) | |
| Kanamycin resistance | |||
| Yes | 1 (3) | 3 (10) | 0.4 |
| No | 18 (45) | 12 (40) | |
| Unknown | 21 (53) | 15 (50) | |
| Ofloxacin resistance | |||
| Present | 2 (5) | 3 (10) | >0.5 |
| Absent | 16 (40) | 10 (33) | |
| Unknown | 22 (55) | 17 (57) | |
| Ethionamide resistance | |||
| Present | 7 (18) | 6 (20) | >0.5 |
| Absent | 12 (30) | 9 (30) | |
| Unknown | 21 (53) | 15 (50) | |
| Number of active drugs, median [IQR]§ | 4 [4–4] | 4 [4–4] | >0.5 |
*
First-line treatment indicates exposure to >1 month of one or more of the following drugs: isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide or streptomycin.
†
Second-line treatment indicates exposure to >1 month of one or more of the following drugs: amikacin, ciprofloxacin, cycloserine, ethionamide or PAS.
‡
Median number of anti-tuberculosis drugs to which the patient was resistant on baseline DST.
§
Number of anti-tuberculosis drugs in baseline regimen to which the patient had no evidence of resistance on DST or to which the patient had no prior exposure.
HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; IQR = interquartile range; TB = tuberculosis; PAS = para-aminosalicylic acid; DST = drug susceptibility testing.