Table 1.
Incidence of IAA only, GADA only and a combination of IAA and GADA and time to seroconversion
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| Participant groups | IAA only at seroconversion (n=240)a | GADA only at seroconversion (n=207)a | p value (vs IAA only) | IAA and GADA at seroconversion (n=76)a | p value (vs IAA only) | |||
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| No./1,000 person-years | Time (months) to seroconversion, median (IQR) | No./1,000 person-years | Time (months) to seroconversion, median (IQR) | No./1,000 person-years | Time (months) to seroconversion, median (IQR) | |||
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| All (n=8,503) | 7.0 | 18.4 (10.5–30.6) | 6.1 | 33.0 (19.2–48.4) | <0.001 | 2.2 | 24.1 (12.9–34.8) | 0.008 |
| FDR | ||||||||
| No (n=7,584) | 6.1 | 18.4 (10.4–30.3) | 5.5 | 33.0 (19.4–48.1) | <0.001 | 1.9 | 27.0 (12.9–35.8) | 0.006 |
| Yes (n=919) | 14.5 | 18.7 (11.9–34.7) | 10.6 | 28.2 (18.5–49.8) | 0.003 | 4.6 | 22.4 (12.2–27.9) | 0.64 |
| HLA-DR genotype | ||||||||
| DR3/4 (n=3,318) | 9.1 | 18.2 (10.0–27.5) | 7.6 | 35.4 (21.1–50.8) | <0.001 | 3.7 | 24.2 (12.9–33.2) | 0.008 |
| DR4/4 (n=1,660) | 6.3 | 22.9 (10.0–37.1) | 4.6 | 26.9 (21.3–43.1) | 0.07 | 1.5 | 31.4 (19.3–39.1) | 0.17 |
| DR4/8 (n=1,470) | 8.8 | 16.1 (10.2–29.5) | 3.6 | 33.0 (19.1–48.4) | <0.001 | 1.0 | 27.0 (20.9–33.7) | 0.19 |
| DR3/3 (n=1,781) | 2.0 | 25.7 (15.3–43.8) | 7.0 | 27.8 (16.7–45.3 ) | 0.75 | 0.4 | 12.8 (12.4–18.3) | 0.18 |
| FDR HLAb (n=274) | 11.0 | 19.1 (15.3–40.2) | 3.4 | 37.6 (29.3–55.6) | 0.19 | 6.8 | 22.8 (11.0–33.1) | 0.64 |
| Country | ||||||||
| USA (n=3,627) | 5.2 | 21.4 (13.1–30.0) | 6.5 | 31.3 (19.4–47.8) | <0.001 | 1.7 | 24.2 (15.2–33.7) | 0.31 |
| Finland (n=1,805) | 9.6 | 15.3 (9.2–27.1) | 4.5 | 32.8 (22.1–48.4) | <0.001 | 2.0 | 27.5 (21.9–33.3) | 0.007 |
| Sweden (n=2,497) | 7.5 | 19.0 (10.2–35.7) | 7.0 | 33.0 (19.3–48.6) | <0.001 | 2.4 | 26.8 (12.3–40.5) | 0.29 |
| Germany (n=574) | 9.0 | 16.3 (9.5–35.3) | 5.5 | 28.2 (13.0–50.8) | 0.10 | 6.5 | 22.1 (12.4–23.5) | 0.67 |
a
Incidences and times to seroconversion are shown by FDR, HLA-DR and country. Times to GADA only or IAA and GADA are compared with time to seroconversion for IAA only children
b
FDR HLA genotypes are DRB1*04-DQA1*03-DQB1*03:02 with either DRB1*04- DQA1*03-DQB1*02, DRB1*01-DQA1*01:01-DQB1*05:01, DRB1*13-DQA1*01:02-DQB1*06:04, DRB1*09- DQA1*03-DQB1*03:03 or genotype DRB1*03-DQA1*05-DQB1*02:01/DRB1*09-DQA1*03-DQB1*03:03