Table 2.
Prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders among male and female current smokers in 1990 vs. 2001a
| Current Smokers MALES | Current Smokers FEMALES | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past 12-Month Diagnoses | 1990 (n=674) |
2001 (n=1006) |
RD (95% CI) |
1991 (n=682) |
2001 (n=866) |
RD (95% CI) |
p-value comparing Group RDs |
| Panic Attack | 3.53% | 13.24% | 9.7 (7.1, 12.2) | 8.95% | 25.71% | 16.76 (13.1, 20.4) | .0017 |
| Panic Disorder | 2.18% | 3.41% | 1.2 (−0.3, 2.8) | 4.57% | 8.13% | 3.6 (1.2, 6.0) | .1129 |
| Post-traumatic Stress Disorderb | 4.95% | 3.19% | −1.8 (−4.0, 0.5) | 8.44% | 9.76% | 1.3 (−1.9, 4.6) | .1243 |
| Social Phobia | 9.13% | 8.82% | −0.3 (−3.1, 2.5) | 7.20% | 11.81% | 4.6 (1.7, 7.5) | .0163 |
| Specific Phobia | 6.75% | 7.76% | 1.0 (−1.5, 3.5) | 17.68% | 16.68% | −1.0 (−4.8, 2.8) | .3854 |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 3.98% | 4.93% | 1.0 (−1.0, 3.0) | 7.22% | 9.63% | 2.4 (−0.4, 5.2) | .4023 |
| Any Anxiety disorderc | 18.70% | 24.55% | 5.9 (1.9, 9.8) | 30.47% | 41.75% | 11.3 (6.5, 16.0) | .0867 |
| Major Depressive Disorder | 10.87% | 11.77% | 0.9 (−2.2, 4.0) | 15.74% | 18.63% | 2.9 (−0.9, 6.7) | .4228 |
| Dysthymia | 3.15% | 2.91% | −0.2 (−1.9, 1.5) | 3.35% | 6.54% | 3.2 (1.1, 5.3) | .0135 |
| Bipolar I | 3.04% | 1.46% | −1.6 (−3.1, −0.1) | 3.29% | 2.65% | −0.6 (−2.4, 1.1) | .4178 |
| Bipolar II | 3.00% | 2.27% | −0.7 (−2.3, 0.9) | 3.29% | 1.50% | −1.8 (−3.4, −0.2) | .3464 |
| Any Mood disorderc | 12.13% | 12.59% | 0.5 (−2.8, 3.7) | 17.96% | 20.87% | 2.9 (−1.0, 6.9) | .3447 |
RD = Risk Difference, i.e. difference in prevalence across time; CI = confidence interval
a
All prevalence estimates incorporate sampling weights to represent US population of current smokers between ages 18–54 years old.
b
The sample assessed for PTSD in 1990 and 2010 is slightly smaller: Male 1990 N=631, Female 1990 N=679, Male 2001 N=599, Female 2001 N=552
c
Any Anxiety includes panic attack, panic disorder, PTSD, social phobia, specific phobia, GAD; Any Depression includes MDD, Dysthymia, Bipolar I or II
d
p-value is for test assessing gender by time interaction indicating difference in RDs