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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Mar 14;211(4):377.e1–377.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.026

Table 1.

Maternal characteristics associated with early- and late-onset preeclampsia (PE).

No Preeclampsia or Eclampsiaa
Severe preeclampsia
n (%) Early onset
Late onset
n (%)
RR (95% CI)
n (%)
RR (95% CI)
Sample 134,931 (100.0) 319 (100.0) 889 (100.0)
Race/Ethnicity
 White not Hispanic 36,738 (27.2)
Reference
79 (24.8) 219 (24.6)
 Hispanic 77,476 (57.4) 198 (62.1)
1.2 (0.9, 1.5)
554 (62.3)
1.2 (1.0, 1.4)b
 Black 6,806 (5.0) 30 (9.4)
2.0 (1.3, 3.1)c
69 (7.8)
1.7 (1.3, 2.2)c
 Asian 9,605 (7.1) 4 (1.3)
0.2 (0.1, 0.5)d
31 (3.5)
0.5 (0.4, 0.8)d
 Othere 4,306 (3.2) 8 (2.5)
0.9 (0.4, 1.8)
16 (1.8)
0.6 (0.4, 1.0)
Maternal Age
 ≤ 17 years 2,272 (1.7) 2 (0.6)
0.4 (0.1, 1.5)
29 (3.3)
2.0 (1.4, 2.9)c
 18 – 34 years 109,225 (81.0)
Reference
256 (80.3) 681 (76.6)
 ≥ 35 years 23,434 (17.4) 61 (19.1)
1.1 (0.8, 1.5)
179 (20.1)
1.2 (1.0, 1.4)b
Maternal Weightf
 < 5th percentile 6,259 (4.6) 13 (4.1)
0.9 (0.5, 1.6)
46 (5.2)
1.2 (0.9, 1.6)
 5th – 95th percentile 121,699 (90.2)
Reference
284 (89.0) 767 (86.3)
 > 95th percentile 6,973 (5.2) 22 (6.9)
1.4 (0.9, 2.1)
76 (8.6)
1.7 (1.4, 2.2)c
Diabetes
 No 124,617 (92.4)
Reference
274 (85.9) 757 (85.2)
 Yes 10,314 (7.6) 45 (14.1)
2.0 (1.4, 2.7)c
132 (14.9)
2.1 (1.7, 2.5)c
  Pre-gestational 1,049 (0.8) 12 (3.8)
5.2 (2.9, 9.2)c
45 (5.1)
6.8 (5.1, 9.1)c
  Gestational 9,265 (6.9) 33 (10.3)
1.7 (1.1, 2.3)d
87 (9.8)
1.5 (1.2, 1.9)c
Mother smoked
 No 132,847 (98.5)
Reference
318 (99.7) 876 (98.5)
 Yes 2,084 (1.5) 1 (0.3)
0.2 (0.0, 1.4)
13 (1.5)
10.0 (0.5, 1.6)
a

No mild or severe preeclampsia or eclampsia.

b

p < 0.05

c

p < 0.001

d

p < 0.01

e

Includes: Asian East Indian, Pacific Islander, Native American, Middle Eastern, Other race/ethnicity, and Unknown race/ethnicity

f

Percentile by race/ethnicity at gestational age at testing.