Table 2.
Changes in the epidemiology, patient characteristics, resource utilization, and outcomes of NF hospitalizations.
| Variable | 2001-2002 (n = 1,976) |
2009-2010 (n = 2,926) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age-adjusted incidence (per 105 population/yrs) | |||
| All | 5.9 | 7.6 | <0.0001 |
| Hispanic | 7.1 | 7.1 | 0.9203 |
| Black | 8.3 | 8.9 | 0.4140 |
| White | 4.7 | 7.0 | <0.0001 |
| Other | 9.8 | 14.3 | 0.0008 |
| Age ≥65 years (n, %) | 540 (27.3) | 694 (23.7) | 0.0048 |
| Any chronic comorbidity (n [%])a | 1,371 (69.4) | 2,244 (76.7) | <0.0001 |
| Deyo-Charlson score [mean (SD)] | 1.6 (1.7) | 2.1 (2) | <0.0001 |
| Obesity (n, %) | 139 (7) | 677 (23.1) | <0.0001 |
| Number of failing organs | |||
| Median (IQR) | 0 (0-1) | 1 (0–2) | <0.0001 |
| ≥3 Organ failures (%) | 117 (5.9) | 534 (18.3) | <0.0001 |
| Organ failures (n [%]) | |||
| Respiratory | 299 (15.1) | 776 (26.5) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiovascular | 192 (9.7) | 686 (23.4) | <0.0001 |
| Renal | 214 (10.8) | 949 (32.4) | <0.0001 |
| Hepatic | 14 (0.7) | 85 (2.9) | <0.0001 |
| Hematological | 128 (6.5) | 338 (11.6) | <0.0001 |
| Metabolic | 96 (4.9) | 340 (11.6) | <0.0001 |
| Neurological | 24 (1.2) | 197 (6.7) | <0.0001 |
| Life-support interventions (n [%]) | |||
| Mechanical ventilation | 173 (8.8) | 505 (17.3) | <0.0001 |
| CVCb | 362 (18.3) | 1088 (37.2) | <0.0001 |
| Hemodialysis | 45 (2.3) | 136 (4.6) | <0.0001 |
| New hemodialysis | 13 (0.7) | 52 (1.8) | 0.0012 |
| Hospital length of stay, days | |||
| Median (IQR) | 14 (7–25) | 13 (7–25) | 0.2911 |
| Mean (SD) | 19.3 (18.6) | 19.1 (19.7) | |
| Total hospital charges, dollarsc | |||
| Median (IQR) | 65,808 [34,036–135,468] | 90,460 [46,278–167,262] | <0.0001 |
| Mean (SD) | 115,635 (146,549) | 142,683 (179,948) | |
| Mortality rate (per 105 population) |
0.61 | 0.74 | 0.0428 |
| Patient disposition (n [%]) | |||
| Hospital mortality | 203 (10.3) | 287 (9.8) | 0.6287 |
| Routine discharge | 791 (40) | 822 (28.1) | <0.0001 |
| Home health care | 313 (15.8) | 668 (22.8) | <0.0001 |
| Short-term facility | 323 (16.3) | 200 (6.8) | <0.0001 |
| Long-term facility | 242 (12.2) | 879 (30) | <0.0001 |
| Otherd | 31 (1.6) | 55 (1.9) | 0.4825 |
| Missing | 73 (3.7) | 15 (0.5) | <0.0001 |
aBased on the Deyo-Charlson comorbidity index; bcentral venous catheterization; chospital charges are adjusted for inflation to 2010 dollars; dleft against medical advice, hospice.