Table 3.

Predictors of hospital mortality among hospitalizations with necrotizing fasciitis.

Covariate	Odds ratio	95% confidence interval	P
Age (years)a
65–74	1.491	1.128–1.972	0.0050
≥74	2.256	1.763–2.888	<0.0001
Maleb	0.802	0.681–0.945	0.0083
Health insurancec
No health insurance	1.527	1.176–1.983	0.0015
Medicaid	1.302	0.993–1.707	0.7613
Medicare	1.666	1.324–2.097	0.0259
Smoking	0.603	0.439–0.827	0.0017
Alcohol abuse	1.165	0.873–1.556	0.2993
Obesity	0.582	0.444–0.762	<0.0001
Chronic comorbidity
Myocardial infarction	1.414	1.009–1.981	0.0441
Congestive heart failure	1.695	1.387–2.071	<0.0001
Dementia	1.485	0.725–3.041	0.2798
Diabetes	0.750	0.623–0.903	0.0023
Chronic renal disease	1.738	1.424–2.121	<0.0001
Chronic liver disease	3.204	2.336–4.394	<0.0001
Malignancy	2.577	1.934–3.434	<0.0001
Cerebrovascular disease	1.128	0.776–1.639	0.5288
HIV infectiond	1.524	0.721–3.225	0.2700
Teaching hospital	1.208	1.014–1.438	0.0344
Type of organ failure
Respiratory	3.392	2.679–4.294	<0.0001
Type of organ failure
Cardiovascular	2.820	2.336–3.406	<0.0001
Renal	1.308	1.088–1.573	0.0042
Hepatic	0.797	0.492–1.290	0.3561
Hematological	1.597	1.288–1.980	<0.0001
Metabolic	1.553	1.250–1.930	<0.0001
Neurological	1.661	0.800–3.451	0.1735
Number of organ failurese
1 organ failure	3.148	2.475–4.005	0.0001
2 organ failures	6.650	5.163–8.565	<0.0001
≥3 organ failures	13.500	10.471–17.406	<0.0001
Life-support interventions
Mechanical ventilation	1.851	1.467–2.335	<0.0001
Central venous catheterization	0.742	0.620–0.888	0.0011
Hemodialysis	1.337	1.020–1.754	0.0354
Hyperbaric oxygen	0.114	0.026–0.495	0.0037

^aAge < 65 years was used as referent; ^bfemale gender was used as referent; gender was masked in 1214 hospitalizations. The model to examine the role of gender was restricted to hospitalizations with available gender designation (n = 10,958); ^cprivate insurance was used as referent; ^dhuman immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; ^ehospitalizations with zero organ failures were used as referent.