Figure 4.

The immunomodulatory effects of AT-MSCs at passage 3 on inflammatory cytokines produced by splenocytes. Addition of AT-MSCs to islet, or PHA, stimulated splenocytes decreased IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-17 production by splenocytes ((a), (b), and (c)). Background absorbance of cytokines produced by AT-MSCs was subtracted. Thus, the representative results show splenocytes related cytokines pattern. Data presented the mean ± SD of five independent experiments. ∗ indicates significant difference between groups (P < 0.05). SP N: normal splenocytes; SP D: diabetic splenocytes; PHA: phytohemagglutinin; lysate: pancreatic islet cells lysate.