Figure 5.

The immunomodulatory effects of AT-MSCs at passage 3 on regulatory cytokines produced by splenocytes. AT-MSCs in coculture with islet, or PHA, stimulated splenocytes increased TGF-β, IL-10, IL-4, and IL-13 production by splenocytes ((a), (b), (c), and (d)). Background absorbance of cytokines produced by AT-MCSs was subtracted. Therefore, the representative results show splenocytes related cytokines pattern. Data presented the mean ± SD of five independent experiments. ∗ indicates significant difference between groups (P < 0.05). SP N: normal splenocytes; SP D: diabetic splenocytes; PHA: phytohemagglutinin; lysate: pancreatic islet cells lysate.