Table 1 .

Age-standardized characteristics of men < 60 years of age (HPFS), older women (NHS I), and younger women (NHS II) according to energy-adjusted non-dairy dietary calcium at baseline.^*

	Quintile of non-dairy dietary calcium
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	P for trend
HPFS
Age, y	48.2	48.6	49.1	49.4	49.2	<0.001
Body mass index, kg/m2	25.6	25.6	25.6	25.5	25.3	<0.001
Hypertension (%)	16.7	16.7	16.2	16.4	16.6	0.66
Thiazide use (%)	5.8	6.0	5.4	6.0	5.3	0.22
Diabetes Mellitus (%)	0.9	1.5	2.0	2.2	2.7	<0.001
Supplemental calcium, mg/d	56	70	79	99	134	<0.001
Dairy calcium, mg/d	475	491	474	464	432	<0.001
Non-dairy dietary calcium, mg/d	238	289	318	351	434	<0.001
NHS I
Age, y	51.9	52.4	52.7	52.9	53.1	<0.001
Body mass index, kg/m2	24.7	25.0	25.2	25.5	25.7	<0.001
Hypertension (%)	23.2	23.2	24.4	26.0	27.0	<0.001
Thiazide use (%)	11.0	11.9	12.5	13.3	14.9	<0.001
Diabetes Mellitus (%)	1.8	2.6	3.3	4.1	5.1	<0.001
Supplemental calcium, mg/d	307	336	360	381	413	<0.001
Dairy calcium, mg/d	437	452	448	437	414	<0.001
Non-dairy dietary calcium, mg/d	262	304	329	357	419	<0.001
NHS II
Age, y	35.7	36.0	36.2	36.3	36.4	<0.001
Body mass index, kg/m2	24.6	24.5	24.6	24.7	24.6	0.28
Hypertension (%)	6.3	5.6	6.2	6.4	6.9	0.02
Thiazide use (%)	1.3	1.5	1.8	2.0	2.0	<0.001
Diabetes Mellitus (%)	0.5	0.7	0.9	1.1	1.5	<0.001
Supplemental calcium, mg/d	103	113	124	137	165	<0.001
Dairy calcium, mg/d	617	609	584	555	513	<0.001
Non-dairy dietary calcium, mg/d	253	302	332	364	440	<0.001

^*Mean values were derived from responses to the 1986 (HPFS and NHS I) and 1991 (NHS II) questionnaires.

Note: Nutrient values were adjusted for caloric intake. Supplemental calcium also includes calcium from multivitamin preparations.

HPFS: Health Professionals Follow-up Study

NHS: Nurses’ Health Study