Table 2.
Additional characteristics of patients and methodology in the included studies
| Ref. | Country/area | PC/CP, n | PC reference | Cross-sectional design | Consecutive or Random sampling | Blinded design | Prospective design |
| Wang et al[21], 1986 | Taiwan | 24/34 | His or Cyt | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Safi et al[22], 1987 | Germany | 87/104 | His | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Sakamoto et al[23], 1987 | Japan | 30/27 | His | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Friess et al[24], 1993 | Germany | 59/95 | His | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Röthlin et al[25], 1993 | Switzerland | 68/29 | His | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Haglund et al[26], 1994 | Finland | 179/20 | His | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Kuno et al[27], 1994 | Japan | 47/70 | His | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Pasquali et al[28], 1994 | Italy | 58/45 | His | No | No | NR | Yes |
| Satake et al[29], 1994 | Japan | 641/300 | His | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Hámori et al[30], 1997 | Hungary | 62/32 | His | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Safi et al[31], 1997 | Germany | 347/300 | His or Bio | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Hayakawa et al[32], 1999 | Japan | 27/49 | His (Bio, Aut) | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Kim et al[33], 1999 | Korea | 90/70 | His | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Manes et al[34], 1999 | Italy | 34/24 | His or Cyt | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Slesak et al[35], 2000 | Poland | 48/74 | His | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Maire et al[36], 2002 | France | 47/31 | His or Cyt | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Akashi et al[37], 2003 | Japan | 20/26 | His or Aut | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Mu et al[38], 2003 | China | 9/15 | His or Cyt | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Cwik et al[39], 2004 | Lublin | 98/52 | His | NR | Yes | NR | Yes |
| Jiang et al[40], 2004 | China | 96/52 | His | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Ventrucci et al[41], 2004 | Italy | 60/21 | His | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Teich et al[42], 2005 | Germany | 30/16 | His | No | No | No | Yes |
| Chang et al[43], 2007 | Taiwan | 72/39 | His | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| New York, United States | 28/34 | His | No | Yes | NR | Yes | |
| Kuhlmann et al[44], 2007 | China | 112/38 | His | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Liao et al[45], 2007 | India | 34/50 | His or Bio | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Bedi et al[46], 2009 | United States | 75/32 | His or Cyt | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Taiwan | 58/44 | His | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | |
| Firpo et al[47], 2009 | United Kingdom | 73/115 | His | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Liao et al[48], 2009 | Poland | 85/72 | His | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Morris-Stiff et al[49], 2009 | Spain | 47/55 | His | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Talar-Wojnarowska et al[50], 2010 | Korea | 55/23 | His | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Zapico-Muñiz et al[51], 2010 | New York, United States | 234/50 | His or Cyt | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| Chung et al[52], 2011 | Germany | 91/23 | His | No | Yes | No | Yes |
Aut: Autopsy; Bio: Biopsy; CP: Chronic pancreatitis; Cyt: Cytology; PC: Pancreatic carcinoma; His: Histology; NR: Not reported.