Table 2.

Factors associated with advanced HIV diagnosis: defined by CD4 cell count at diagnosis <200 cells/µL and or new AIDS illness within six months of HIV diagnosis

		Univariate model		Multivariable model
Factor	Level	OR (95% CI)	Pa	aOR (95% CI)	Pa
Sex	Female	0.841 (0.46, 1.45)	0.48	0.50 (0.26, 0.98)	0.04
	Male	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
Age at diagnosis (years)	<30	1.00 (ref)	<0.01	1.00 (ref)	<0.01
	30–40	1.82 (1.05, 3.16)		1.73 (0.98, 3.05)
	40–50	2.21 (1.27, 3.83)		2.07 (1.16, 3.68)
	>50	5.73 (3.30, 9.94)		4.91 (2.74, 8.76)
Mode of probable HIV exposure	MSM	1.00 (ref)	<0.01	1.00 (ref)	<0.01
	Heterosexual	1.79 (1.29, 2.47)		2.04 (1.38, 3.02)
	IDU	1.61 (0.82, 3.17)		1.96 (0.92, 4.18)
	Other	2.70 (1.49, 4.88)		2.05 (1.08, 3.86)
Continental region of birth	Australia	1.00 (ref)	0.02	1.00 (ref)	<0.01
	New Zealand/Pacific Islander	0.69 (0.25, 2.09)		0.72 (0.22, 2.20)
	Africa	2.89 (1.23, 6.81)		3.87 (1.49, 10.08)
	Americas	3.15 (1.18, 8.41)		2.60 (0.88, 7.70)
	Asia	1.88 (1.12, 3.16)		2.57 (1.44, 4.58)
	Europe	1.75 (1.02, 2.99)		1.78 (0.98, 3.21)
	Not reported	1.27 (0.88, 1.82)		0.79 (0.53, 1.20)
Hepatitis B co-infection	Positive	1.45 (0.69, 3.08)	0.14	1.41 (0.64, 3.15)	0.67
	Negative	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
	Not reported	0.73 (0.49, 1.07)		1.08 (0.64, 1.75)
Hepatitis C co-infection	Positive	1.00 (0.58, 1.71)	0.27	0.99 (0.54, 1.81)	0.41
	Negative	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
	Not reported	0.64 (0.37, 1.10)		0.62 (0.31, 1.25)
Australian state capital city setting	Capital city	1.00 (ref)	0.02	1.00 (ref)	<0.01
	Non-capital city	1.43 (1.06, 1.92)		2.40 (1.34, 4.31)
Primary care setting	General practice	0.69 (0.50, 0.96)	<0.01	1.36 (0.75, 2.45)	<0.01
	Hospital clinic	1.43 (1.00, 2.02)		2.88 (1.57, 5.30)
	Sexual health clinic	1.00 (ref)		1.00 (ref)
Year of HIV diagnosis	1996–2000	1.00 (ref)	<0.01	1.00 (ref)	<0.01
	2001–2006	0.46 (0.32, 0.65)		0.44 (0.31, 0.67)
	2007–2012	0.72 (0.51, 1.02)		0.70 (0.48, 1.02)

^aWald test for categorical level heterogeneity. MSM=men who have sex with men; IDU=injecting drug use.