Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Preoperative Characteristics
| Characteristics | CSEA (n=31) | GA (n=34) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean±SD age (year) | 47.6±11.6 | 49.3±11.6 | 0.568 |
| Male/female (n) | 20/11 | 20/14 | 0.638 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.3±2.9 | 23.4±3.9 | 0.954 |
| Side (right/left) | 12/19 | 14/20 | 0.839 |
| History of ipsilateral surgery (%, n) | 16.1% (5) | 29.4% (10) | 0.204 |
| ASA status | 0.901 | ||
| II | 80.6% (25) | 79.4% (27) | |
| III | 19.4% (6) | 20.6% (7) | |
| Mean stone size (mm) | 1.9±0.9 | 2.4±1.3 | 0.059 |
| Solitary kidney | 19.4% (6) | 20.6% (7) | 0.901 |
| Hounsfield unit values of stones (HU) | 847.6±295.2 | 811.8±294.7 | 0.712 |
| Comorbidities (%, n) | 22.6% (7) | 26.4% (9) | 0.569 |
| Multiple caliceal stones (%, n) | 48.8% (15) | 73.5% (25) | 0.037 |
| Low caliceal stones (%, n) | 35.5% (11) | 50% (17) | 0.238 |
| Positive preoperative urine culture (%, n) | 12.9% (4) | 14.7% (5) | 0.834 |
| Preoperative stent placement (%, n) | 48.4% (15) | 76.5% (26) | 0.019 |
| Preoperative serum creatinine (μM) | 132.4±14.6 | 135.6±15.2 | 0.391 |
ASA=American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI=body–mass index; CSEA=combined spinal-epidural anesthesia; GA=general anesthesia; SD=standard deviation.