Table 1.

Characteristics of patients with periventricular nodular heterotopia.

Subject	Sex	Age (years)	Epilepsy duration (years)	Seizure frequency	Interval since last seizure (days)	AEDs	Heterotopia (number, laterality)	Interictal EEG findings	Resting motor threshold, patient/control (% of MSO)
1	M	42	34	~1 seizure/week	7	levetiracetam, lorazepam, oxcarbazepine, pregabalin	3 right 3 left	normal	80%/58%
2	M	23	15	~1 seizure/month	21	valproate, ezogabine, lacosamide	3 right	right frontal and temporal spikes	62%/75%
3	F	20	6	~1 seizure/month	41	lamotrigine	2 right ~3 left	normal	92%/62%
4	F	30	5	~1 seizure/month	14	lamotrigine, levetiracetam	~7 right	normal	75%/78%
5	M	22	5	~2 seizures/year	216	oxcarbazepine	1 right ~5 left	normal	67%/56%
6	F	28	6	no seizures in 7 years	2484	none	2 right	right fronto-temporal slowing	57%/43%
7	F	34	10	no seizures in 10 years	3726	carbamazepine	~8 right ~5 left	normal	78%/37%
8	F	43	20	no seizures in 14 years	5110	lamotrigine	2 right ~4 left	right temporal spikes	81%/48%

Abbreviations: M = male; F = female; AED = antiepileptic drug; EEG = electroencephalography; MSO = maximal stimulator output. Data in columns 3-7 were recorded at the time of transcranial magnetic stimulation. Resting motor thresholds are reported for each heterotopia subject and his or her matched healthy control.