Fig. 8.

Direct fabrication of supercapacitor arrays for high-voltage applications and integrated energy storage. (A) Direct fabrication of an asymmetric supercapacitor array consisting of 9 cells in a single step. Charge–discharge curves of asymmetric supercapacitor arrays connected in series (3 cells in series, 3S), in parallel (3 cells in parallel, 3P), and in a combination of series and parallel (3 series × 3 parallel, 3S × 3P). A single device is shown for comparison. (B) Integration of a supercapacitor array with solar cells for efficient solar energy harvesting and storage.