Table 1. Baseline characteristics of study population.
| Characteristics | Study group (n = 99) |
| Age, yrs | 78.8 ± 9.7 |
| Female gender | 75 (76%) |
| AF | 91 (91%) |
| Hypertension | 86 (87%) |
| Diabetes | 18 (18%) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 16 (16%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 43 (43%) |
| LV sistolic dysfunction | 44 (44%) |
| Chronic renal failure | 30 (30%) |
| Admission complaints | |
| Gastrointestinal complaints | 91 (92%) |
| Syncope/Presyncope | 5 (5%) |
| Palpitation | 1 (1%) |
| Visual disturbance | 2 (2%) |
| Previous medications | |
| Acetylsalicylic acid | 68 (68%) |
| Warfarin | 31 (31%) |
| Beta blockers | 57 (58%) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 35 (35%) |
| ACE-I | 47 (47%) |
| ARB | 8 (8%) |
| Potassium-sparing diuretics | 24 (24%) |
| Loop diuretics | 23 (23%) |
| Statins | 19 (19%) |
| NYHA class 1 | 14 (14%) |
| NYHA class 2 | 21 (21%) |
| NYHA class 3 | 8 (8%) |
| NYHA class 4 | 1 (1%) |
| Previous digoxin dosage | |
| 0.25 mg/d | 61 (61%) |
| 0.125 mg/d | 38 (38%) |
| Indications for digoxin treatment | |
| LV systolic dysfunction with AF | 33 (33%) |
| LV systolic dysfunctionwithout AF | 8 (8%) |
| AF without LV systolic dysfunction | 58 (58%) |
| Appropriate digoxin usage | 33 (33%) |
| Inappropriate digoxin usage | 66 (66%) |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 48.7 ± 12.4 |
Parametric variables are reported in mean ± SD or n (%). ACE-I: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; AF: atrial fibrillation; ARB; angiotensin receptor blocker; LV: left ventricular; NYHA: New York Heart Association.