Table 1. Mean age of patients in land mark heart failure trials.[54].

Trial	Year	Study treatment	No. of patients	Mean age in years (approximate)
SOLVD*	1991	Enalapril	2569	61
DIG (main trial)	1997	Digoxin	6800	63
RALES	1999	Spironolactone	1663	65
CIBIS II*	1999	Bisoprolol	2647	61
ATLAS	1999	Low-dose vs. high-dose lisinopril	3793	64
COPERNICUS	2001	Carvedilol	2289	63
BEST	2001	Bucindolol	2706	60
EPHESUS	2001	Eplerenone	6632	64
Val-HeFT	2002	Valsartan	5010	65
MADIT II	2002	ICD	1232	64
COMET	2003	Carvedilol vs. metoprolol	3029	62
CARE HF	2005	CRT vs. medical therapy alone	813	67
MADIT-CRT	2009	CRT-defibrillator vs. ICD	1820	65
SHIFT	2010	Ivabradine	6558	60
EMPHASIS	2011	Eplerenone	2737	69

*SOLVD and CIBIS II had age < 80 years in the inclusion criteria. CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy; ICD: internal cardioverter defibrillator;