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. 2015 Feb 25;16(3):4471–4491. doi: 10.3390/ijms16034471

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The typical MAPK signaling pathways mediating the transmission of external signals to intra-cellular effector proteins. MAP4K: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase; MAP3K: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase; MAP2K: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase.