Table 1.
Overview on mitochondrially encoded tRNA genes and extent of tRNA import in mitochondria of representative eukaryotic taxonomic groups and species. The number of tRNA genes encoded by the mt-genome that are indicated, including duplicated genes. Genbank accessions and references that allowed numbers determination are indicated. The tRNAs missing and/or imported are designated by the specificity of their anticodons indicated by the amino acid one-letter code; tRNA isoacceptors are distinguished by their anticodon. References are given for cytosolic tRNAs for which import has been experimentally proven; n.d. mitochondrial genomic sequence not available. Adapted from references [15,22].
| Species | tRNA Genes Encoded by the mt-Genome | tRNA Genes Missing/not Expressed | Import Demonstrated | References | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tRNA Content | tRNA Import | ||||||
| Metazoans | |||||||
| Mammals | |||||||
| Homo sapiens | 22 | 0 | Q | NC_012920 | [23] | ||
| Didelphis virginiana | 21 | K | K | NC_001610 | [24] | ||
| Molluscs | |||||||
| Crassostrea gigas | 18 | A, F, S | AF177226 | ||||
| Cnidarians | |||||||
| Metridium senile | 2 | all but 2 | NC_000933 | ||||
| Fungi | |||||||
| Ascomycotes | |||||||
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | 24 | 0 | L, Q | NC_000933 | [25,26] | ||
| Chytridiomycotes | |||||||
| Spizellomyces punctatus | 8 | all but 8 |
NC_003052 NC_003061 NC_003060 |
||||
| Plants | |||||||
| Bryophytes | |||||||
| Marchantia polymorpha | 29 | 0 | I(IAU) , T(AGU), V(AAC) | NC_001660 [27] | [28,29,30] | ||
| Angiosperms | |||||||
| Arabidopsis thaliana | 22 | all but 15 | F, W | NC_001284 | [31,32] | ||
| Nicotiana tabacum | 23 | at least 6 | A, G, V | NC_006581 | [33,34,35,36] | ||
| Solanum tuberosum | 20 | at least 7 | A, G, I, L, R, T, V | [37] | [38,39,40] | ||
| Triticum aestivum | 16 | 14 | A, G, H, I(IAU), L, R, V | NC_007579 | [41] | ||
| Gymnosperms | |||||||
| Larix leptoeuropaea | n.d | at least 11 | A, G, F, I(IAU), L, K, P, S(GCU), S(UGA), T, V | [39] | |||
| Chlorophytes | |||||||
| Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | 3 | all but 3 | for 31 tRNAs | NC_001638 | [42] | ||
| Scenedesmus obliquus | 27 | T | NC_002254 | ||||
| Nephroselmis olivacea | 26 | 0 | NC_008239 | ||||
| Other eukaryotes | |||||||
| Jakobides | |||||||
| Reclinomonas americana | 26 | T | NC_001823 | ||||
| Ciliophores | |||||||
| Tetrahymena pyriformis | 10 | all but 10 | for 26 tRNAs | NC_000862 | [43,44,45] | ||
| Trypanosomatides | |||||||
| Leishmania tarentolae | 0 | all | all except Q(CUG) | [46,47,48] | |||
| Trypanosoma brucei | 0 | all | all except initiator M and U | [22,49,50] | |||
| Apicomplexans | |||||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | 0 | all | C, F | NC_002375 | [51] | ||