Table 3.
The mRNA expression of VEGF-A, FGF2, PCNA, MyoD1, PAX7 and COX genes and concentration of DNA and RNA in the samples of pectoral muscles of embryos at day 18 and day 20, after in ovo treatment with CuSO4 and nanoparticles of Cu (NanoCu).
| Indices | Groups | ANOVA | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | CuSO4 | NanoCu | SEM | p-Value | |
| Day 18 | |||||
| VEGF-A | 11.14 | 13.84 | 10.87 | 1.231 | ns |
| FGF2 | 4.12 a,b | 2.92 b | 5.42 a | 0.957 | 0.012 |
| PCNA | 0.90 | 0.73 | 0.68 | 0.085 | ns |
| MyoD1 | 0.37 a | 0.78 b | 0.57 a,b | 0.147 | 0.014 |
| COX | 4.96 | 3.15 | 3.59 | 0.805 | ns |
| Pax7 | 0.59 | 0.58 | 0.65 | 0.075 | ns |
| DNA | 258.7 | 202.5 | 249.0 | 39.18 | ns |
| RNA | 2194.2 | 2291.0 | 2391.9 | 186.6 | ns |
| RNA/DNA ratio | 8.5 | 11.3 | 9.6 | ||
| Day 20 | |||||
| VEGF-A | 21.69 a | 25.66 a | 36.96 b | 2.184 | 0.000 |
| FGF2 | 1.30 a | 6.72 b | 9.00 c | 0.952 | 0.000 |
| PCNA | 0.68 a | 0.62 a | 2.54 b | 0.134 | 0.000 |
| MyoD1 | 1.08 a | 3.10 c | 1.91 b | 0.327 | 0.000 |
| COX | 16.81 | 16.20 | 18.52 | 2.085 | ns |
| Pax7 | 0.62 a | 0.21 b | 0.25 b | 0.269 | 0.000 |
| DNA | 249.3 | 289.9 | 247.8 | 43.06 | ns |
| RNA | 1182.6 a | 1066.3 b | 1798.6 c | 82.17 | 0.000 |
| RNA/DNA ratio | 4.7 | 3.7 | 7.3 | ||
ns = non-significant; a,b,c: within rows, means bearing different superscripts differ significantly at p < 0.05.