Table 4.
Composition of fractions isolated from stems of Cynara cardunculus after a pre-heating step.
| Run STEMS | Treatment (protease/hemicellulase) 1 | Total Carbohydrates (g/100 g) 2 | Proteins (g/100 g) | Galacturonic Acid (g/100 g) | Inulin (g/100 g) | Total Polyphenols (g/100 g GAE) 3 | Yield (g/100 g AIR) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | (0/0) | 84.3 ± 0.9 a | 1.7 ± 0.1 a | 19.89 ± 0.20 a | 39.45 ± 0.50 c | 2.03 ± 0.73 a | 22.70 |
| 2 | (200/0) | 88.9 ± 0.2 b | 2.1 ± 0.1 b | 22.81 ± 0.20 b | 40.68 ± 0.50 d | 3.09 ± 0.14 ab | 19.30 |
| 3 | (0/200) | 94.0 ± 0.7 c | 1.5 ± 0.1 a | 18.25 ± 0.10 c | 30.25 ± 0.14 b | 2.98 ± 0.07 ab | 22.66 |
| 4 | (200/200) | 96.3 ± 1.9 c | 2.2 ± 0.1 b | 13.73 ± 0.40 d | 28.48 ± 0.67 a | 3.24 ± 0.38 b | 21.47 |
| ANOVA Table | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| F | - | 69.76 | 32.75 | 691.3 | 482.4 | 4.700 | - |
| p | - | <0.0001 *** | <0.0001 *** | <0.0001 *** | <0.0001 *** | 0.0356 * | - |
| R2 | - | 0.9632 | 0.9247 | 0.9962 | 0.9945 | 0.6380 | - |
1 The concentration of protease is expressed in μL/5 g AIR. The concentration of hemicellulase is expressed in mg/5 g AIR; 2 Calculated in relation to fructose calibration curve; 3 GAE: gallic acid equivalents. Inside each column, different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05). * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001.