. 2015 Mar 16;16(3):6057–6075. doi: 10.3390/ijms16036057

Table 8.

Phenolics in fractions ¹ isolated from stems of Cynara cardunculus after a pre-heating step.

STEMS	Compound Number	Assigned Identity	R_t	Formula	M
Fraction 1	2	Monocaffeoylquinic acid	12.2	C₁₆H₁₇O₉	353.09
	4	Apigenin-7-O-glucuronide	16.8	C₂₁H₁₇O₁₁	445.08
	5	Pinoresinol 4-O-β-d-glucoside	17.5	C₂₆H₃₁O₁₁	519.19
		Pinoresinol-acetylhexoside		C₂₈H₃₃O₁₂	561.20
		(+)-Pinoresinol		C₂₀H₂₁O₆	357.13
Fraction 2	2	Monocaffeoylquinic acid	11.8	C₁₆H₁₇O₉	353.09
Fraction 2	4	Apigenin-7-O-glucuronide	16.8	C₂₁H₁₇O₁₁	445.08
Fraction 3	2	Monocaffeoylquinic acid	11.8	C₁₆H₁₇O₉	353.09
	4	Apigenin 7-glucuronide I	16.8	C₂₁H₁₇O₁₁	445.08
	5	Pinoresinol 4-O-β-d-glucoside	17.6	C₂₆H₃₁O₁₁	519.19
		Pinoresinol-acetylhexoside		C₂₈H₃₃O₁₂	561.20
		(+)-Pinoresinol		C₂₀H₂₁O₆	357.13
Fraction 4	1	unknown	9.3	-	-
	2	Monocaffeoylquinic acid	11.8	C₁₆H₁₇O₉	353.09
	4	Apigenin-7-O-glucuronide	16.8	C₂₁H₁₇O₁₁	445.08
	5	Pinoresinol 4-O-β-d-glucoside	17.6	C₂₆H₃₁O₁₁	519.19
		Pinoresinol-acetylhexoside		C₂₈H₃₃O₁₂	561.20
		(+)-Pinoresinol		C₂₀H₂₁O₆	357.13

¹ Fractions obtained with a heat pre-heating and with treatment 1 (Fraction 1); treatment 2 (Fraction 2); treatment 3 (Fraction 3); treatment 4 (Fraction 4). For the definition of the different treatments, see Table 2. R_t: Retention time (min). M: Molecular mass (g·mol⁻¹).