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The OA-associated molecules, including IL-1β, TNF-α, RAGE, leptin, IGF-1, TGFβ1, iNOS, MMP13, laminin, fibronectin, integrin and collagen are involved in chondrocyte activation. These molecules contribute to the pathogenesis of OA by destroying the cartilage in the joints or serving as the substrates for extracellular matrix destruction (i.e., laminin, fibronectin and collagen type II).
