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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 13.
Published in final edited form as: Womens Health (Lond). 2015 Mar;11(2):225–238. doi: 10.2217/whe.14.66

Table 1.

Risk Factors[68]

Age
Abnormal stool consistency
  • -

    diarrhea, loose stool, fecal impaction

Pregnancy, Parity
Birth Trauma
  • -

    operative vaginal delivery, high degree laceration, episiotomy

Perianal surgery or trauma
  • -

    sphincterotomy, hemorrhoidectomy, anal dilation

Neurologic causes
  • -

    dementia, stroke, spina bifida, spinal cord lesions, neuropathy, multiple sclerosis, cauda equina

Inflammation
  • -

    inflammatory bowel disease, fistula, radiation

Hemorrhoids
Prolapse
  • -

    pelvic organ, rectal

Congenital anorectal abnormality
Obesity
Bariatric surgery
Limited mobility
Urinary incontinence