Table 2.
Mental health characteristics
| Mental health characteristics | British Columbia n (%) | Ontario n (%) | Quebec n (%) | χ2, df, n, P | Total n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary diagnosis | |||||
| Psychotic spectrum disorder | 170 (76.5) | 380 (79.7) | 718 (65.9) | 34.27, 2, 1788, 0.001a | 1268 (70.9) |
| Mood spectrum disorder | 41 (18.5) | 67 (14.0) | 306 (28.1) | 40.07, 2, 1787, 0.001b | 414 (23.2) |
| Others | 11 (5.0) | 30 (6.3) | 65 (6.0) | 0.49, 2, 1788, 0.78 | 106 (5.9) |
| SUD | 87 (39.2) | 151 (31.7) | 312 (28.7) | 9.80, 2, 1787, 0.007c | 550 (30.8) |
| PD | 21 (9.5) | 58 (12.2) | 111 (10.2) | 1.70, 2, 1787, 0.43 | 190 (10.6) |
| SMI + SUD | 83 (37.4) | 139 (29.1) | 294 (27.0) | 9.67, 2, 1787, 0.008d | 516 (28.9) |
| SMI + PD | 20 (9.0) | 52 (10.9) | 97 (8.9) | 1.59, 2, 1787, 0.45 | 169 (9.5) |
| Mental state at time of offence | |||||
| Any psychotic symptom | 205 (92.3) | 348 (71.9) | 483 (44.2) | 230.71, 2, 1800, <0.001e | 1036 (57.6) |
| Hallucinations—specified | 83 (37.4) | 115 (23.8) | 159 (14.5) | 67.04, 2, 1800, <0.001f | 357 (19.8) |
| Delusions—specified | 174 (78.4) | 257 (53.1) | 399 (36.5) | 143.44, 2, 1800, <0.001g | 830 (46.1) |
| Suicidal ideation | 22 (9.9) | 24 (5.0) | 68 (6.2) | 6.35, 2, 1800, 0.04h | 114 (6.3) |
| Suicide attempt | 14 (6.3) | 11 (2.3) | 6 (0.5) | 37.33, 2, 1800, <0.001i | 31 (1.7) |
| Self-harm | 6 (2.7) | 20 (4.1) | 4 (0.4) | 30.67, 2, 1799, <0.001j | 30 (1.7) |
| Homicidal ideation | 16 (7.2) | 75 (15.5) | 18 (1.6) | 113.74, 2, 1800, <0.001k | 109 (6.1) |
| Substance use and (or) under the influence | 53 (23.9) | 105 (21.7) | 259 (23.6) | 0.71, 2, 1800, 0.70 | 415 (23.1) |
Weights were used to ensure the regional representativeness of the Quebec sample, thus totals will not always add to 1800 or 100%.
Psychotic spectrum disorder: Ontario > Quebec χ2 (n = 1566) = 29.85, df = 1, P < 0.001; British Columbia > Quebec χ2 (n = 1311) = 9.56, df = 1, P = 0.002
Mood spectrum disorder: Quebec > Ontario χ2 (n = 1565) = 36.21, df = 1, P < 0.001; Quebec > British Columbia χ2 (n = 1310) = 8.83, df = 1, P = 0.003
SUD: British Columbia > Quebec χ2 (n = 1310) = 9.62, df = 1, P = 0.002; British Columbia > Ontario χ2 (n = 699) = 3.83, df = 1, P = 0.05
SMI and SUD: British Columbia > Quebec χ2 (n = 1310) = 9.67, df = 1, P = 0.002; British Columbia > Ontario χ2 (n = 699) = 4.75, df = 1, P = 0.03
Any psychotic symptom: British Columbia > Ontario χ2 (n = 706) = 37.46, df = 1, P < 0.001; British Columbia > Quebec χ2 (n = 1315) = 171.50, df = 1, P < 0.001; Ontario > Quebec χ2 (n = 1577) = 103.34, df = 1, P < 0.001
Hallucinations: British Columbia > Ontario χ2 (n = 706) = 14.01, df = 1, P < 0.001; British Columbia > Quebec χ2 (n = 1316) = 64.23, df = 1, P < 0.001; Ontario > Quebec χ2 (n = 1578) = 19.91, df = 1, P < 0.001
Delusions: British Columbia > Ontario χ2 (n = 706) = 40.90, df = 1, P < 0.001; British Columbia > Quebec χ2 (n = 1318) = 131.84, df = 1, P < 0.001; Ontario > Quebec χ2 (n = 1578) = 38.19, df = 1, P < 0.001
Suicidal ideation: British Columbia > Ontario χ2 (n = 706) = 6.13, df = 1, P = 0.01; British Columbia > Quebec χ2 (n = 1316) = 3.95, df = 1, P = 0.047
Suicide attempt: British Columbia > Quebec χ2 (n = 1316) = 40.88, df = 1, P < 0.001; Ontario > Quebec χ2 (n = 1578) = 9.36, df = 1, P = 0.002
Self-harm: British Columbia > Ontario χ2 (n = 706) = 0.88, df = 1, P = 0.35; British Columbia > Quebec χ2 (n = 1318) = 13.35, df = 1, P < 0.001; Ontario > Quebec χ2 (n = 1577) = 31.75, df = 1, P < 0.001
Homicidal ideation: Ontario > British Columbia χ2 (n = 706) = 9.31, df = 1, P = 0.002; British Columbia > Quebec χ2 (n = 1316) = 22.68, df = 1, P < 0.001
PD = personality disorder; SMI = serious mental illness; SUD = substance use disorder