Table 2.
Percentage distribution and prevalence ratios of child and family demographic factors among children with Tourette syndrome (including co-occurring conditions) and without Tourette syndrome from the National Survey of Children’s Health 2007
| No Tourette syndrome % (CI) (unweighted N = 63,809) |
All Tourette syndrome % (CI) (unweighted N = 225) |
Prevalence ratio (CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||
| 6–11 | 48.6 (47.6–49.6) | 30.6 (20.1–43.5) | Referent |
| 12–17 | 51.4 (50.4–52.4) | 69.5 (56.5–79.9) | 1.4 (1.1–1.6) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 48.9 (48.0–49.9) | 24.6 (13.7–40.3) | Referent |
| Male | 51.1 (50.1–52.1) | 75.4 (59.8–86.4) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) |
| Race | |||
| Non-white | 27.8 (26.9–28.8) | 16.9 (9.0–29.5) | Referent |
| White | 72.2 (71.3–73.1) | 83.1 (70.5–91.0) | 1.2 (1.0–1.3) |
| Hispanic ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic | 19.3 (18.3–20.3) | 10.3 (5.7–18.1) | Referent |
| Non-Hispanic | 80.7 (79.7–81.7) | 89.7 (81.9–94.3) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) |
| Family structurea | |||
| 2 biological/adoptive parents | 62.7 (61.7–63.7) | 59.7 (45.1–72.7) | Referent |
| 2 parents (1 step-parent) | 10.2 (9.6–10.8) | 7.4 (4.1–13.1) | 0.8 (0.4–1.5)c |
| Single parent | 20.1 (19.3–20.9) | 16.3 (10.0–25.2) | 0.9 (0.5–1.5)c |
| Other family structure | 7.1 (6.6–7.6) | 16.6 (6.9–34.8)c | 2.5 (0.9–6.8)c |
| Highest level of education achieved by parent in household | |||
| High school diploma or less | 32.8 (31.8–33.8) | 38.8 (25.1–54.4) | Referent |
| At least some college or technical school | 67.2 (66.2–68.2) | 61.2 (45.6–74.9) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) |
| Household income | |||
| ⩽200% of federal poverty level | 37.2 (36.2–38.2) | 37.1 (23.3–53.4) | Referent |
| >200% of federal poverty level | 62.8 (61.8–63.8) | 62.9 (46.6–76.7) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) |
| Co-occurring MEBb | |||
| Any co-occurring MEB | 16.4 (15.7–17.1) | 78.7 (68.4–86.3) | 4.8 (4.3–5.4) |
| Any internalizing condition | 7.7 (7.2–8.3) | 52.5 (38.4–66.2) | 6.8 (5.1–9.0) |
| Depression | 4.7 (4.3–5.1) | 36.2 (22.7–52.3) | 7.8 (5.0–11.9) |
| Anxiety | 5.4 (5.0–5.9) | 39.7 (27.4–53.5) | 7.3 (5.2–10.4) |
| Any externalizing condition | 12.5 (11.9–13.1) | 70.1 (57.1–80.5) | 5.6 (4.7–6.7) |
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | 10.6 (10.0–11.2) | 63.8 (50.5–75.3) | 6.0 (4.9–7.4) |
| Behavioral or conduct problems | 5.3 (4.9–5.8) | 43.0 (28.9–58.2) | 8.1 (5.7–11.7) |
| Autism spectrum disorder | 1.8 (1.5–2.1) | 26.2 (14.4–42.8) | 14.8 (8.4–26.1) |
MEB = mental, emotional, or behavioral condition; CI = confidence interval.
a
Family structure PRs calculated using logistic regression (all others analyzed with chi-square tests).
b
Percentages for no MEBs not reported.
c
Relative standard error (RSE) > 30% (Range = 31–42%); RSEs for estimates and PRs are reported if over 30% because these estimates may not be reliable.