Table 2.
Association Between Allopregnanolone and Nicotine Response During Acute Smoking Abstinence (n = 77)
| Variable | Baseline valuesa
|
Nicotine response (change from baseline)b
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Association with allopregnanolonec | Mean (SD) | Association with allopregnanolonec | |
| Cardiovascular | ||||
| Blood pressure | ||||
| Systolic | 108.89 (12.01) | β = 0.846, p = .037 | 3.68 (8.93), p < .001 | n.s. |
| Diastolic | 68.55 (10.61) | β = 1.188, p < .001 | 4.34 (8.43), p < .001 | n.s. |
| Heart rate | 68.86 (11.52) | n.s. | 9.50 (9.18), p < .001 | n.s. |
| Fingertapping | ||||
| Number of taps | 161.40 (28.26) | n.s. | 0.42 (20.52) | n.s. |
| Immediate Memory | ||||
| Task | ||||
| Discriminability (A′)d | 0.86 (0.13) | n.s. | 0.01 (0.04), p < .001 | β = 1.154, p = .047 |
| Bias (B) | 1.11 (0.92) | n.s. | 0.08 (0.87) | β = 1.132, p = .022 |
| Math task | ||||
| Correct responses | 48.11 (2.35) | n.s. | –0.03 (1.85) | n.s. |
| Response time | 2.15 (1.01) | β = 0.078, p = .065 | –0.22 (0.70), p < .05 | n.s. |
| Subjective State Scale | ||||
| Negative affect | 6.64 (6.10) | n.s. | 1.39 (3.73), p < .05 | β = –0.354, p = .086 |
| Positive affect | 20.07 (9.02) | n.s. | –0.67 (4.64) | n.s. |
| Physical symptoms | 4.36 (4.76) | β = 0.580, p < .001 | –0.11 (3.16) | n.s. |
| Withdrawal | 8.92 (6.45) | n.s. | 1.66 (3.78), p < .001 | n.s. |
| Craving | 3.53 (2.47) | n.s. | 0.64 (1.70), p < .001 | n.s. |
| Visual analog scale | ||||
| Alert | 64.75 (23.56) | n.s. | 2.70 (19.13) | n.s. |
| Dizzyd | 10.82 (17.97) | β = 0.879, p = .008 | 9.94 (22.06), p < .001 | n.s. |
| Head rush | 12.31 (20.78) | β = 1.391, p = .094 | 18.60 (29.83), p < .001 | n.s. |
| Jitteryd | 17.96 (24.31) | β = 0.895, p = .041 | 7.95 (25.20), p < .05 | n.s. |
| Pleasant | 65.03 (22.13) | β = 2.045, p = .041 | –0.12 (18.49) | n.s. |
| Relaxed | 62.23 (24.74) | n.s. | 0.84 (24.33) | n.s. |
| Stimulated | 50.60 (23.06) | n.s. | 5.62 (18.07), p < .05 | n.s. |
| Urge to smoke | 54.78 (30.58) | β = –2.228, p = .087 | –8.42 (21.59), p < .05 | n.s. |
Notes n.s. = not significant.
The nicotine nasal spray was administered at Time 0; baseline values were determined at -30 minutes for all variables except baseline systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate, which were determined at -1 minute.
Change was calculated by subtracting baseline values from the post–nicotine administration values. Post–nicotine administration values were determined for cardiovascular variables, Subjective State Scale, and Visual Analog Scale at Time 5 minutes; for Immediate Memory Task at Time 10 minutes; and for math task and fingertapping at 20 minutes.
Adjusted for menstrual phase, testing order, and baseline value (change only).
Non-normally distributed values were log transformed in the analysis.