TABLE 4.
Comparison of clinical characteristics of early clinical success and failure groups in the acute pyelonephritis patients treated with empirical cefuroxime or cefotaxime
| Characteristic | Patients in group at 72 h with: |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early clinical failure (n = 61) | Early clinical success (n = 261) | ||
| Demographic data | |||
| Age (median [IQR]) (yr) | 70.0 (64.5–74.0) | 72.0 (62.0–77.0) | 0.523b |
| Postmenopausal women | 60 (98.4) | 232 (88.9) | 0.025c |
| Clinical features | |||
| Body temp (median [IQR]) (°C) | 38.9 (38.5–39.4) | 38.6 (38.2–39.4) | 0.082b |
| Costovertebral angle tenderness | 32 (52.5) | 164 (62.8) | 0.135c |
| Lower urinary tract infection symptoms | 29 (47.5) | 151 (57.9) | 0.144c |
| Nausea or vomiting | 28 (45.9) | 89 (34.1) | 0.084c |
| Pitt score of 1 | 30 (49.2) | 103 (39.5) | 0.165c |
| Pitt score of 2 to ∼4 | 6 (9.8) | 21 (8.0) | 0.650c |
| Use of cefuroxime | 24 (39.3) | 132 (50.6) | 0.114c |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| Bacteremia | 40 (65.6) | 114 (43.7) | 0.003c |
| C-reactive protein level (mg/dl) on admission (median [IQR]) | 17.3 (12.9–23.4) | 10.4 (5.0–17.4) | <0.001b |
| C-reactive protein level ≥15 mg/dl | 38 (62.3) | 77 (29.5) | <0.001c |
| ESBL-producing uropathogen | 11 (18.0) | 28 (10.7) | 0.115c |
| Fluoroquinolone-resistant uropathogen | 14 (23.0) | 56 (21.5) | 0.799c |
| Hematuria | 47 (77.0) | 173 (66.3) | 0.104c |
| White blood cell count (median [IQR]) (/mm3) | 13,800 (9,420–16,610) | 11,810 (9,140–14,285) | 0.055b |
| White blood cells ≥15,000/mm3 of blood | 24 (39.3) | 53 (20.3) | 0.002c |
| Past history | |||
| Antibiotic use within 1 yr | 10/54 (18.5)d | 50/235 (21.3)d | 0.652c |
| Previous urinary tract infection | 7/55 (12.7)d | 45/235 (19.1)d | 0.264c |
| Prior hospitalization within 1 yr | 13/54 (24.1)d | 48/238 (20.2)d | 0.524c |
| Clinical outcomes | |||
| Duration of hospital stay (median [IQR]) (days) | 11.0 (9.0–14.0) | 8.0 (7.0–10.0) | <0.001b |
| Clinical cure at 4–14 days after Tx | 58/60 (96.7)d | 255/259 (98.5)d | 0.358c |
| Microbiological cure at 4–14 days after Tx | 38/50 (76.0)d | 199/217 (91.7)d | 0.002c |
a
Unless otherwise indicated, the data are shown as the number (%) of patients. Tx, treatment.
b
Mann-Whitney U test.
c
Pearson chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.
d
Denominators are the number of patients whose data were available in each group.