TABLE 4.
Demographic, lifestyle, and behavioral characteristics and intake of selected dietary factors for first and third dietary pattern tertiles in 610 White controls in the North Carolina Colon Cancer Studya
| “Western-Southern” Pattern Tertiles |
“Fruit-Vegetable” Pattern Tertiles |
“Metropolitan” Pattern Tertiles |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | 1b | 3 | 1b | 3 | 1b | 3 |
| Mean (± SD) age (yr) | 66.5 (9.2) | 65.3 (9.9) | 62.5 (9.5)** | 69.5 (8.4) | 68.5 (7.7)** | 63.1 (10.7) |
| Female (%) | 57** | 36 | 40* | 53 | 49 | 42 |
| Education (%) | ||||||
| ≤High school | 38** | 56 | 56** | 38 | 68** | 29 |
| Some college | 28 | 26 | 23 | 28 | 18 | 30 |
| College graduate/advanced degree |
34 | 18 | 21 | 34 | 14 | 42 |
| Mean (± SD) BMI (kg/m2) current |
26.9 (5.5) | 27.9 (5.4) | 28.1 (5.7) | 27.1 (5.2) | 27.4 (5.4) | 27.5 (5.1) |
| Mean (± SD) BMI (kg/m2) 1 yr ago |
27.0 (5.5) | 27.7 (5.0) | 28.1 (5.3)* | 27.0 (5.2) | 27.4 (5.3) | 27.4 (4.6) |
| Smoking history (%) | ||||||
| Never | 46* | 35 | 32** | 49 | 43 | 39 |
| Former | 42 | 44 | 42 | 45 | 41 | 46 |
| Current | 12 | 21 | 26 | 6 | 16 | 16 |
| Mean (± SD) physical activity level (MET min/day) |
2,212 (585) | 2,205 (459) | 2,276 (654) | 2,184 (453) | 2,139 (462)** | 2,306 (558) |
| Family history of colon cancer (%) |
12 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 13* | 7 |
| NSAID use over past 5 yr (%) | ||||||
| Never | 6 | 8 | 5** | 10 | 10 | 7 |
| Occasionally | 31 | 29 | 35 | 20 | 29 | 33 |
| Regularly | 63 | 64 | 60 | 69 | 61 | 60 |
| Vitamin/mineral supplement use (%) |
63** | 50 | 44** | 67 | 49 | 59 |
| Mean (± SD) consumption | ||||||
| Red meat (svgs per day) | 0.28 (0.19)** | 1.07 (0.47) | 0.76 (0.47)** | 0.59 (0.48) | 0.64 (0.44) | 0.69 (0.52) |
| Dairy | 246 (204) | 254 (230) | 177 (177)** | 312 (239) | 214 (206)** | 290 (244) |
| Refined carbohydrates | 170 (77)** | 276 (112) | 209 (91) | 219 (102) | 185 (89)** | 252 (117) |
| Fruits and fruit juices (g per day) |
193 (144)* | 160 (149) | 87 (78)* | 257 (160) | 147 (132)* | 184 (132) |
| Vegetables (g per day) | 219 (127)** | 279 (112) | 183 (96)** | 298 (126) | 197 (108)** | 290 (119) |
| Mean (SD) daily intake | ||||||
| Energy (kcal) | 1,445 (444)** | 2,231 (576) | 1,820 (631) | 1,827 (578) | 1,586 (545)** | 2,058 (628) |
| Total fat (% kcal) | 32.1 (8.0)** | 39.2 (5.6) | 39.4 (7.0)** | 33.2 (7.6) | 37.2 (7.6) | 35.8 (7.6) |
| Mean (SD) energy-adjusted daily intake of nutrientsc | ||||||
| Total fat (g) | 66.2 (13.4)** | 75.7 (14.1) | 77.1 (13.2)** | 66.2 (14.4) | 74.6 (13.1)** | 69.6 (16.0) |
| Alcohol (kcal) | 67.6 (96.3)** | 14.9 (105.8) | 43.6 (111.4) | 30.6 (92.1) | 16.6 (55.7)** | 62.0 (120.3) |
| Fiber (g) | 15.8 (5.2)** | 14.5 (4.9) | 11.6 (3.3)** | 18.3 (5.0) | 13.7 (4.6)** | 16.1 (5.4) |
| β-carotene (µg) | 3,585 (2,948) | 3,417 (2,212) | 2,196 (1,438)** | 4,765 (2,906) | 3,444 (2,404) | 3,550 (2,831) |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 112 (51)** | 96 (54) | 70 (34)** | 132 (55) | 92 (49)** | 110 (48) |
| Vitamin E (mg α-TE) | 9.4 (4.4) | 9.4 (3.9) | 8.8 (4.0)* | 9.6 (3.3) | 9.1 (3.5) | 9.4 (3.0) |
| Folate (µg) | 323 (96)** | 288 (102) | 246 (85)** | 346 (90) | 278 (96)** | 311 (90) |
| Calcium (mg) | 810 (268)** | 724 (305) | 658 (239)** | 871 (302) | 714 (270)** | 834 (316) |
Abbreviations are as follows: BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalent task; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; TE, tocopherol equivalents.
Two asterisks (**) means the P value comparing tertiles 1 and 3 is < 0.01. One asterisk (*) means the P value comparing tertiles 1 and 3 is <0.05.
Calculated as residual from model with both cases and controls plus mean unadjusted value for controls. Because the numbers are energy adjusted, it is possible for the numbers to be negative; however, the P value for the comparisons are still valid.