Table 1. Demographics and maternal urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations (μg/g creatinine) in pregnant women with and without children who were followed up for asthma at 8 years of age.
| Variables | Pregnant women with children lost to follow up (n = 217) | Pregnant women with children followed up (n = 171) |
|---|---|---|
| Mean age at delivery (y) | 28.44 ± 4.29 | 29.10 ± 4.00 |
| Age at delivery (y) | ||
| ≤35 | 205 (94.5%) | 160 (93.6%) |
| >35 | 12 (5.5%) | 11 (6.4%) |
| Maternal education | ||
| ≤High school | 112 (51.6%) | 70 (40.9%) |
| Junior college | 78 (35.9%) | 75 (43.9%) |
| ≥University | 27 (12.4%) | 26 (15.2%) |
| Paternal education | ||
| ≤High school | 105 (48.4%) | 67 (39.2%) |
| Junior college | 83 (38.2%) | 76 (44.4%) |
| ≥University | 29 (13.4%) | 28 (16.4%) |
| Family income per year (US Dollars) | ||
| ≤$20,000 | 96 (44.2%) | 67 (39.2%) |
| $20,000–50,000 | 87 (40.1%) | 76 (44.4%) |
| >$50,000 | 34 (15.7%) | 28 (16.4%) |
| Smoking during pregnancy | ||
| Yes | 5 (3.5%) | 0 (0%) |
| No | 212 (96.5%) | 171 (100%) |
| Passive smoking prior to pregnancy | ||
| Yes | 93 (42.9%) | 81 (47.4%) |
| No | 124 (57.1%) | 90 (52.6%) |
| MEHP a b (μg/g creatinine) | 20.11 (17.83–22.70) | 16.90 (14.49–19.72) |
| ΣDEHP a b (μg/g creatinine) | 54.24 (48.28–60.93) | 50.22(42.22–59.72) |
| MBzP a b (μg/g creatinine)* | 18.76 (17.08–20.61) | 15.48 (13.59–17.63) |
| MBP a b (μg/g creatinine) | 74.86 (66.73–83.97) | 66.14 (56.06–78.03) |
| MEP a b (μg/g creatinine) | 61.37 (52.62–71.57) | 65.15 (58.52–72.53) |
Data are presented as number (%) or mean.
ΣDEHP, sum of metabolites of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate; MEHP, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate; MBzP, mono-benzyl phthalate; MBP, mono-butyl-phthalate; MEP, mono-ethyl phthalate.
aPhthalate metabolite data available for n = 252 pregnant women with children lost to follow up and n = 136 pregnant women with followed-up children.
bData are presented as geometric mean (95% confidence interval).
*Indicates a significant (p <0.05) difference between lost to follow up and followed up participants by Mann-Whitney U test.