Table 3. Adjusted odds ratios for wheezing and asthma occurrence at 8 years for the upper quintile in urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in utero and at 2 and 5 years of age.
| Phthalate metabolite upper quintile | Boys | Upper quintile | Girls | Upper quintile | Total | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wheezing | Asthma | Wheezing | Asthma | Wheezing | Asthma | ||||||||||
| aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | ||||
| A. Urinary metabolites during the 3 rd trimester | |||||||||||||||
| n = 62 | n = 74 | n = 136 | |||||||||||||
| MEHP | >33.5 | 2.38 | (0.48–11.84) | 0.93 | (0.16–5.19) | >38.5 | 1.09 | (0.11–10.80) | 1.04 | (0.10–10.43) | >42.0 | 1.68 | (0.47–6.02) | 0.96 | (0.24–3.81) |
| ΣDEHP | >101.3 | 4.12 # | (0.87–19.61) | 0.77 | (0.14–4.28) | >112.7 | 2.80 | (0.42–18.69) | 0.74 | (0.07–7.39) | >108.4 | 3.12 # | (0.98–9.98) | 0.81 | (0.21–3.14) |
| MBzP | >23.9 | 4.95 * | (1.08–22.63) | 0.83 | (0.15–4.66) | >31.9 | 1.00 | (0.10–9.98) | 1.00 | (0.10–10.08) | >32.3 | 1.71 | (0.46–6.38) | 0.68 | (0.14–3.38) |
| MEP | >118.6 | 1.17 | (0.20–6.80) | 0.88 | (0.16–4.80) | >121.2 | 2.94 | (0.44–19.70) | - | - | >119.3 | 1.54 | (0.44–5.40) | 0.48 | (0.10–2.30) |
| MBP | >142.0 | 0.35 | (0.04–3.17) | - | - | >180.8 | 0.99 | (0.10–9.68) | 0.72 | (0.07–7.12) | >158.3 | 0.66 | (0.14–3.22) | 0.23 | (0.03–1.83) |
| B. Urinary metabolites at 2 years | |||||||||||||||
| n = 50 | n = 49 | n = 99 | |||||||||||||
| MEHP | >31.8 | 2.39 | (0.47–12.23) | 6.14 * | (1.17–32.13) | >43.2 | 1.05 | (0.10–11.41) | 1.46 | (0.10–21.47) | >31.9 | 1.74 | (0.46–6.58) | 2.94 | (0.70–12.26) |
| ΣDEHP | >322.9 | 1.03 | (0.17–6.23) | 3.78 | (0.64–22.30) | >323.7 | 0.99 | (0.09–10.33) | - | - | >316.8 | 1.00 | (0.24–4.13) | 1.68 | (0.38–7.48) |
| MBzP | >27.3 | 1.47 | (0.24–9.10) | 1.48 | (0.24–9.34) | >19.9 | - | - | - | - | >19.2 | 0.57 | (0.11–2.96) | 0.71 | (0.13–3.77) |
| MEP | >54.3 | - | - | - | - | >83.0 | - | - | - | - | >78.9 | 0.27 | (0.03–2.32) | - | - |
| MBP | >283.4 | 0.40 | (0.04–3.75) | 1.33 | (0.22–8.06) | >276.6 | 1.13 | (0.11–11.70) | - | - | >277.4 | 0.59 | (0.12–2.93) | 0.75 | (0.14–3.96) |
| C. Urinary metabolites at 5 years | |||||||||||||||
| n = 55 | n = 55 | n = 110 | |||||||||||||
| MEHP | >25.2 | 0.86 | (0.15–4.88) | 2.61 | (0.60–11.37) | >25.1 | - | - | - | - | >24.6 | 0.59 | (0.12–2.91) | 1.27 | (0.36–4.49) |
| ΣDEHP | >341.8 | 1.70 | (0.35–8.24) | 4.36 * | (1.01–18.86) | >284.7 | 1.40 | (0.12–15.98) | 0.96 | (0.09–9.98) | >290 | 1.59 | (0.43–5.86) | 3.48 * | (1.10–10.99) |
| MBzP | >37.8 | - | - | 0.91 | (0.16–5.25) | >29.2 | - | - | - | - | >31.2 | - | - | 0.43 | (0.09–2.14) |
| MEP | >56.9 | 4.22 # | (0.87–20.51) | 8.92 * | (1.87–42.54) | >51.5 | 1.74 | (0.14–21.20) | - | - | >40.3 | 2.85 | (0.81–10.04) | 2.74 # | (0.85–8.90) |
| MBP | >201.5 | 0.41 | (0.05–3.74) | 1.50 | (0.32–7.04) | >140.5 | - | - | 0.76 | (0.07–8.55) | >209 | 0.23 | (0.03–1.90) | 0.66 | (0.17–2.64) |
Data are adjusted for parental allergies and family members' smoking status.
Urinary metabolites are measured as μg metabolite/g creatinine.
aOR: adjusted odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; MEHP: mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate; ΣDEHP: sum of metabolites of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate; MBzP: mono-benzyl phthalate; MEP: mono-ethyl phthalate; MBP: mono-butyl-phthalate.
*Indicates a significant (p <0.05) finding;
#indicates a borderline significant (p <0.10) finding.