Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2015 Mar 4;5(7):1381–1397. doi: 10.1002/ece3.1414

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2015 The Author. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PMC Copyright notice

(A) Phylogeny of family Lymnaeidae by Correa et al. (2011) highlighting known intermediate hosts confirmed under natural conditions. Suitable intermediate host are Radix (syn. Lymnaea) peregra, Lymnaea palustris, Fossaria bulimoides, Galba truncatula and Stagnicola caperata. (B) Phylogeny of family Cervidae by Pitra et al. (2004) highlighting suitable definitive hosts confirmed under natural conditions (currently no study has described subspecies of Cervus elaphus as a definitive host in Europe, thus this is not highlighted). Proper definitive hosts Fascioloides magna are C. capreolus, C. e. canadensis, Dama dama, Rangifer tarandus, Odocoileus hemionus, and O. virginianus.