Table 1. Characteristics of 357 patients with methicillin-sensitive S. aureus bacteraemia (SAB) and a deep infection focus categorized according to duration of rifampicin therapy.
| Rifampicin therapy | Short therapy vs. no therapy | Long therapy vs. short therapy | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | No therapy n = 96 (27) | Short therapy n = 50 (14) | Long therapy n = 211 (59) | OR (95% CI) | p- value | OR (95% CI) | p- value |
| Male sex | 46 (48) | 33 (66) | 139 (66) | 2.11(1.04–4.29) | <0.05 | 0.99(0.52–1.91) | NS |
| Age >60 years | 60 (63) | 26 (52) | 105 (50) | 0.65(0.33–1.29) | NS | 0.91(0.49–1.69) | NS |
| Healthy-nonfatal disease A | 62 (65) | 34 (68) | 165 (78) | 1.17(0.56–2.41) | NS | 1.69(0.86–3.33) | NS |
| Ultimately-rapidly fatal disease A | 34 (35) | 16 (32) | 46 (22) | 0.86(0.42–1.78) | NS | 0.59(0.30–1.17) | NS |
| Healthcare-associated SAB | 68 (71) | 25 (50) | 107 (51) | 0.41(0.20–0.84) | <0.05 | 1.03(0.56–1.91) | NS |
| Intensive care unit B | 14 (15) | 8 (16) | 38 (18) | 1.12(0.43–2.87) | NS | 1.15(0.50–2.65) | NS |
| Severe sepsis B | 4 (4) | 5 (10) | 14 (7) | 2.56(0.65–9.98) | NS | 0.64(0.22–1.87) | NS |
| Septic shock B | 1 (1) | 3 (6) | 2 (1) | 5.71(0.58–56.6) | NS | 0.19(0.03–1.14) | <0.05 |
| Formal bedside IDS consultation C | 84 (88) | 49 (98) | 194 (92) | 7.00(0.88–55.5) | <0.05 | 0.23(0.03–1.79) | NS |
| Informal telephone IDS consultation C | 9 (9) | 0 | 14 (7) | — | — | — | — |
| Cloxacillin, standard antibiotic | 57 (59) | 35 (70) | 116 (55) | 1.59(0.77–3.31) | NS | 0.52(0.27–1.02) | NS |
| Cefuroxime, standard antibiotic | 24 (25) | 13 (26) | 61 (29) | 1.05(0.48–2.31) | NS | 1.16(0.58–2.33) | NS |
| Ceftriaxone, standard antibiotic | 8 (8) | 0 | 16 (8) | — | — | — | — |
| Vancomycin, standard antibiotic | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | 5 (2) | 1.94(0.12–31.7) | NS | 1.19(0.14–10.4) | NS |
| Clindamycin, standard antibiotic | 3 (3) | 0 | 3 (1) | — | — | — | — |
| Fluoroquinolone, additional antibiotic D | 59 (61) | 26 (52) | 101 (48) | 0.68(0.34–1.36) | NS | 0.85(0.46–1.57) | NS |
| Aminoglycoside, additional antibiotic E | 9 (9) | 10 (20) | 42 (20) | 2.42(0.91–6.41) | NS | 0.99(0.46–2.15) | NS |
| Endocarditis F | 8 (8) | 12 (24) | 42 (20) | 3.47(1.31–9.18) | <0.01 | 0.79(0.38–1.64) | NS |
| Deep-seated abscess F | 39(41) | 23 (46) | 117 (55) | 1.25(0.63–2.48) | NS | 1.46(0.79–2.71) | NS |
| Foreign body infection F | 29 (30) | 8 (16) | 48 (23) | 0.44(0.18–1.05) | NS | 1.55(0.68–3.52) | NS |
| Septic arthritis or osteomyelitis F | 39 (41) | 28 (56) | 98 (46) | 1.86(0.93–3.71) | NS | 0.69(0.37–1.28) | NS |
| SAB relapse G | 2 (2) | 0 | 2 (1) | — | — | — | — |
Patients with alcoholism, acute or chronic liver diseases, lack of deep infection foci, MRSA bacteraemia (n = 6) or a fatal outcome within 3 days have been excluded. Values are expressed as n (%). NS = non-significant. Short rifampicin therapy 1–13 days. Long rifampicin therapy ≥14 days.
A Classification according to McCabe and Jackson [32].
B Severity of illness at blood culture collection time point.
C Infectious diseases specialist (IDS) consultation.
D Fluoroquinolone: levo-, moxi- or ciprofloxacin.
E Aminoglycoside: tobramycin or gentamicin.
F Deep infection focus within 90 days follow-up.
G SAB relapse within 90 days of follow-up.