(A–F) Curves of smooth functions of each predictor variable in the 1971–1993 epoch, including R1, R3, MT1, H3, N1, and N12. (G-L) Curves of smooth functions of each predictor variable in the 1994–2012 epoch, including R1, R2, MT1, MaxT2, N1, and N12. The x-axis shows the value of each predictor variable, and the y-axis shows the value of each smooth function. The dashed line is the estimated 95% confidence interval. The vertical lines adjacent to the lower x-axis show the presence of data in the matching years. The numbers in the labels of y-axis denote the effective degrees of freedom. These plots demonstrate the complex non-linear relationship between HFRS cases and predictor variables.