Table 1. Study Characteristics of included studies.

Trial	Sample size	Comparators	Country	Maximum follow-up	Study design	VAS(SMD with 95%CI)	INF(OR with 95%CI)	AAD(OR with 95%CI)
Wardlaw,2009	300	BK vs NSC	Eight a	12 months	RCT	-1.13(-1.38,-0.89); P<0.0001	1.46(0.8–2.7);P = 0.22	0.44(0.21–0.95);P = 0.036
Klazen,2010	202	PVP vs CT	Two b	12 months	RCT	-1.48(-1.79,-1.17); P<0.0001	1.27(0.25,6.38);P = 0.769	0.65(0.35–1.2);P = 0.165
Rousing,2010	49	PVP vs CT	Denmark	12 months	RCT	-0.64(-1.21,-0.07); P = 0.028	2.4(0.95,6.06);P = 0.065	0.7(0.11,4.58);P = 0.707
Liu,2010	100	PVP vs BK	Taiwan	6 months	RCT	0.15(-0.25,0.54); P = 0.469	/	/
Blasco,2012	125	PVP vs CT	Spain	12 months	RCT	-3.31(-3.85,-2.76); P<0.0001	/	1.34(0.58,3.05);P = 0.493

PVP: Percutaneous vertebroplasty; BK: Balloon kyphoplasty; NSC: Non-surgical care; CT: Conservative treatment

Non-surgical care was also thought to be Conservative treatment.

VAS: Visual Analogue Scale; INF: Incidence of new fractures; AAD: All-cause discontinuation

SMD: standardized mean difference; OR: odds ratio

^a: UK, Netherland, Belgium, Germany, Australia, France, Sweden and Italy

^b: Netherland and Belgium