Table 1. Menu of evidence-based interventions to reduce tobacco use, improve diet and increase physical activity at the community level.

Strategy	Practical applications—examples from CIH
Tobacco use
Promoting smoke-free environments	Encouraging local businesses to ban smoking in the work-place
	Supporting local restaurants to become smoke-free
	Implementing and enforcing smoking restrictions in public areas
Developing counter marketing programmes	Implementing ‘No Tobacco Days’ in workplaces and community centres supported by education about the dangers of tobacco
Providing support groups for tobacco cessation	Working with local health care providers and community groups to set up tobacco cessation groups
Health education and health care	Organising competitions for no smoking posters to be displayed in workplaces, community centres and local recreational areas
	Providing tobacco cessation packs for health professionals to use in clinical practice
	Encouraging health professionals to screen for tobacco use and support smoking cessation
Diet
Encouraging consumption of healthy foods	Increasing affordability by offering subsidies on healthy choices in workplace canteens
	Providing healthy snacks in workplaces
	Increasing accessibility by supporting ‘Grow your own’ schemes and providing vegetable seeds and information
Supporting local farmers markets and communal gardens	Working with local farmers and established markets to provide healthy food to local communities
Promoting institutional policy change	Working with local restaurants, hospital and workplace canteens to add less salt and oil in food preparation, include more fruit and vegetables and to use healthier cooking methods
Providing accurate nutritional information	Displaying nutritional information (energy, salt and dietary fibre) of dishes served in workplace canteens
Using point-of-purchase prompts	Displaying posters in workplace canteens encouraging healthy choices
Health education and health care	Providing salt spoons and oil pots indicating maximum daily amounts to adults in the local community
	Displaying health eating posters in workplaces, community centres and local recreational areas
	Encouraging health professionals to screen and support dietary change
Physical activity
Creating or enhancing access to places for increasing physical activity	Renovating unused public spaces for recreational purposes
	Providing street gyms and fixed exercise equipment in local parks
	Building walking trails along a local canal with stone distance markers
Providing support groups	Introducing sports interest groups in workplaces
	Establishing walking clubs in local communities
Using point-of-decision prompts	Putting posters encouraging stair use near elevators and escalators
	Painting footprints around playgrounds and public recreational areas
Health education and health care	Providing physical fitness testing
	Displaying health eating posters in workplaces, community centres and local recreational areas
	Encouraging health professionals to screen and support increased physical activity
General risk factors
Health education and health care	Distributing health-related messages through the local media outlets including newspapers, local television programmes, bulletin boards and posters
	Building healthy living museums for the general public with self-service health risk evaluation
	Providing public lectures about NCD risk reduction
	Organising health-themed activities around established events such as World Heart Day and World Diabetes Day