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When using the best model (Eq 2) including yearly, seasonal, calving, and herd effects there is a significant difference of 41.80 ECM (sd = 8.015) between having an easy calving (calving code = 1) and having a easy calving with help (calving code = 2) (red CI). When including the variance of the reference level the difference is masked (black CI). The numerical results are available in Table 4.
