Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants by degree of aortic valve calcification.
| All with AVC Measured (n=1964) | AVC and AVRING both =0 (n=1023) | AVC + AVRING >0 - 100 (n=515) | AVC + AVRING >100 (n=426) | value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participant Age | 58.45 (11.45) | 53.16 (11.73) | 62.26 (7.90) | 66.53 (7.00) | <.0001 |
| Female | 918 (47%) | 466 (46%) | 262 (51%) | 190 (45%) | 0.0864 |
| Male | 1046 (53%) | 557 (54%) | 253 (49%) | 236 (55%) | . |
| Black | 672 (34%) | 342 (33%) | 192 (37%) | 138 (32%) | 0.2167 |
| Not Black | 1292 (66%) | 681 (67%) | 323 (63%) | 288 (68%) | . |
| Self-reported history of CVD | 494 (25%) | 169 (17%) | 149 (29%) | 176 (41%) | <.0001 |
| Current Smoker | 194 (10%) | 111 (11%) | 43 (8%) | 40 (9%) | 0.2791 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m^2) | 31.13 (6.70) | 30.57 (6.87) | 31.73 (6.58) | 31.72 (6.32) | 0.0007 |
| Waist Circumference (cm) | 103.71 (15.83) | 101.77 (16.32) | 105.01 (15.53) | 106.81 (14.31) | <.0001 |
| Total METs (METhrs/week) | 209.93 (145.91) | 228.87 (161.28) | 198.37 (125.59) | 178.24 (120.95) | <.0001 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 917 (47%) | 384 (38%) | 281 (55%) | 252 (59%) | <.0001 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 113.80 (47.85) | 110.24 (46.95) | 118.78 (51.33) | 116.36 (44.95) | 0.0020 |
| Hemoglobin A1C (%) at Baseline | 6.50 (1.52) | 6.33 (1.55) | 6.73 (1.52) | 6.64 (1.36) | <.0001 |
| Systemic Hypertension Diagnosis | 1703 (87%) | 816 (80%) | 478 (93%) | 409 (96%) | <.0001 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 126.59 (21.25) | 123.63 (20.35) | 127.75 (21.99) | 132.28 (21.21) | <.0001 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 70.55 (12.45) | 73.22 (12.35) | 68.64 (12.11) | 66.44 (11.57) | <.0001 |
| Pulse Pressure | 56.04 (18.56) | 50.41 (16.47) | 59.10 (18.05) | 65.88 (18.99) | <.0001 |
| High Cholesterol Diagnosis | 1698 (86%) | 834 (82%) | 463 (90%) | 401 (94%) | <.0001 |
| Low-density Lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 103.07 (34.82) | 105.58 (34.81) | 100.84 (34.99) | 99.76 (34.23) | 0.0041 |
| High-density Lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 48.97 (15.76) | 49.27 (16.06) | 50.16 (16.99) | 46.80 (13.12) | 0.0039 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 154.61 (105.91) | 155.52 (112.37) | 151.24 (97.79) | 156.50 (99.39) | 0.7003 |
| eGFR using CRIC equation | 44.60 (17.58) | 47.11 (18.94) | 44.18 (16.31) | 39.03 (13.97) | <.0001 |
| 24H Urine Protein (g/24H) | 1.07 (2.16) | 1.15 (2.24) | 0.94 (2.01) | 1.05 (2.16) | 0.2369 |
| Median (IQR) | 0.17 (0.07 - 0.93) | 0.18 (0.07 - 1.02) | 0.15 (0.06 - 0.67) | 0.18 (0.07 - 0.94) | 0.0697 |
| 24H Urine Albumin (g/24H) | 0.74 (1.76) | 0.84 (1.93) | 0.60 (1.39) | 0.69 (1.74) | 0.0481 |
| Median (IQR) | 0.05 (0.01 - 0.56) | 0.06 (0.01 - 0.65) | 0.04 (0.01 - 0.44) | 0.05 (0.01 - 0.41) | 0.3405 |
| High Sensitivity CRP (mg/dL) | 4.64 (7.64) | 4.18 (7.28) | 4.85 (7.29) | 5.48 (8.77) | 0.0100 |
| Median (IQR) | 2.22 (0.94 - 5.23) | 1.94 (0.87 - 4.69) | 2.37 (0.96 - 5.97) | 2.64 (1.14 - 6.04) | 0.0001 |
| Uric Acid (mg/dL) | 7.17 (1.88) | 7.01 (1.89) | 7.21 (1.87) | 7.51 (1.85) | <.0001 |
| Total Plasma Homocysteine (umol/L) | 14.35 (5.62) | 13.54 (5.03) | 14.17 (4.86) | 16.55 (7.06) | <.0001 |
| CBC Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.88 (1.79) | 13.10 (1.83) | 12.69 (1.69) | 12.57 (1.72) | <.0001 |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.31 (0.54) | 9.30 (0.56) | 9.30 (0.50) | 9.33 (0.54) | 0.5973 |
| Phosphate (mg/dL) | 3.70 (0.67) | 3.66 (0.68) | 3.75 (0.67) | 3.73 (0.66) | 0.0206 |
| Total Parathyroid Hormone (pg/ml) | 69.47 (70.19) | 70.12 (68.65) | 63.15 (49.15) | 75.53 (91.58) | 0.0259 |
| Median (IQR) | 50.00 (33.00 - 81.00) | 50.00 (32.40 - 80.00) | 47.00 (32.90 - 76.50) | 54.45 (34.00 - 89.00) | 0.0532 |
| Serum 25(OH)-Vitamin D (ng/mL) | 26.14 (14.35) | 25.93 (14.14) | 26.82 (14.85) | 25.77 (14.22) | 0.6191 |
| Median (IQR) | 23.85 (14.30 - 35.50) | 23.75 (15.20 - 34.95) | 24.50 (14.10 - 36.95) | 23.80 (14.00 - 34.60) | 0.6654 |
| Lipoprotein(a) (mg/dl) | 36.70 (40.73) | 34.51 (40.34) | 38.65 (40.58) | 39.59 (41.64) | 0.0452 |
| Median (IQR) | 20.70 (7.40 - 54.40) | 16.95 (7.10 - 47.80) | 23.65 (8.20 - 61.00) | 23.00 (7.90 - 61.30) | 0.0116 |
Data was taken from the non-contrast CT visit, if available, or from the initial baseline visit. Data taken at the baseline visit include Total metabolic equivalents, phosphate, total parathyroid hormone, lipoprotein(a), plasma homocysteine, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and 24-hour albumin.