Table 1. Electrocardiogram of dogs administered with Lithospermum erythrorhizon hexane extract or its vehicle for 4 weeks.

		Dose (mg/kg/day)
		Control	30	100	300
Males
Week 0 (Pre)	HR (bpm)	118 ± 11	109 ± 11	104 ± 14	113 ± 14
	R-R interval (sec)	0.511 ± 0.050	0.550 ± 0.054	0.579 ± 0.074	0.533 ± 0.068
	P-R interval (sec)	0.097 ± 0.008	0.101 ± 0.006	0.099 ± 0.005	0.093 ± 0.012
	QRS duration (sec)	0.053 ± 0.006	0.051 ± 0.006	0.057 ± 0.006	0.048 ± 0.002
	QT interval (sec)	0.195 ± 0.003	0.199 ± 0.006	0.207 ± 0.015	0.196 ± 0.006
	QT correcting	0.273 ± 0.011	0.268 ± 0.006	0.271 ± 0.007	0.269 ± 0.010
	Axis (degree)	68 ± 11	72 ± 7	73 ± 1	69 ± 7
Week 4	HR (bpm)	124 ± 6	105 ± 15	116 ± 13	122 ± 7
	R-R interval (sec)	0.485 ± 0.023	0.572 ± 0.079	0.521 ± 0.055	0.493 ± 0.030
	P-R interval (sec)	0.098 ± 0.009	0.105 ± 0.007	0.101 ± 0.001	0.095 ± 0.011
	QRS duration (sec)	0.049 ± 0.004	0.051 ± 0.002	0.050 ± 0.004	0.047 ± 0.002
	QT interval (sec)	0.194 ± 0.004	0.203 ± 0.008*	0.196 ± 0.004	0.196 ± 0.000
	QT correcting	0.278 ± 0.002	0.268 ± 0.009	0.272 ± 0.010	0.279 ± 0.008
	Axis (degree)	69 ± 8	61 ± 15	69 ± 6	74 ± 3
Week 2 of Recovery	HR (bpm)	99 ± 8			105 ± 15
	R-R interval (sec)	0.605 ± 0.051			0.577 ± 0.079
	P-R interval (sec)	0.105 ± 0.001			0.097 ± 0.011
	QRS duration (sec)	0.050 ± 0.007			0.055 ± 0.004
	QT interval (sec)	0.206 ± 0.008			0.198 ± 0.003
	QT correcting	0.265 ± 0.001			0.261 ± 0.014
	Axis (degree)	67 ± 3			67 ± 7
		Dose (mg/kg/day)
		Control	30	100	300
Females
Week 0 (Pre)	HR (bpm)	110 ± 11	116 ± 12	109 ± 23	107 ± 15
	R-R interval (sec)	0.549 ± 0.053	0.520 ± 0.051	0.565 ± 0.121	0.564 ± 0.079
	P-R interval (sec)	0.106 ± 0.004	0.106 ± 0.014	0.102 ± 0.011	0.109 ± 0.008
	QRS duration (sec)	0.051 ± 0.005	0.056 ± 0.004	0.055 ± 0.004	0.051 ± 0.006
	QT interval (sec)	0.197 ± 0.003	0.196 ± 0.004	0.199 ± 0.012	0.202 ± 0.009
	QT correcting	0.266 ± 0.010	0.272 ± 0.009	0.266 ± 0.012	0.269 ± 0.009
	Axis (degree)	68 ± 7	66 ± 4	74 ± 4	72 ± 7
Week 4	HR (bpm)	117 ± 14	123 ± 8	128 ± 5	108 ± 17
	R-R interval (sec)	0.515 ± 0.060	0.489 ± 0.031	0.467 ± 0.016	0.564 ± 0.081
	P-R interval (sec)	0.108 ± 0.006	0.106 ± 0.007	0.101 ± 0.012	0.105 ± 0.010
	QRS duration (sec)	0.053 ± 0.005	0.054 ± 0.005	0.058 ± 0.002	0.054 ± 0.005
	QT interval (sec)	0.196 ± 0.005	0.193 ± 0.005	0.193 ± 0.005	0.202 ± 0.009
	QT correcting	0.274 ± 0.010	0.276 ± 0.006	0.283 ± 0.003	0.269 ± 0.009
	Axis (degree)	68 ± 3	68 ± 8	74 ± 10	73 ± 5
Week 2 of Recovery	HR (bpm)	92 ± 3			100 ± 7
	R-R interval (sec)	0.649 ± 0.018			0.601 ± 0.042
	P-R interval (sec)	0.124 ± 0.012			0.104 ± 0.014
	QRS duration (sec)	0.054 ± 0.006			0.050 ± 0.003
	QT interval (sec)	0.206 ± 0.008			0.200 ± 0.000
	QT correcting	0.255 ± 0.007			0.258 ± 0.009
	Axis (degree)	66 ± 4			71 ± 4

Significantly different from the control by Dunnett’s t-test: * p < 0.05.