Table 2.
Pooled risk estimates for common risk variables, unadjusted and adjusted for various confounders
| Pooled HR | 95% CI | I2 | Study (n) | Q-χ2 | Q-p value | Egger’s test | Trim-fill HR (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) Unadjusted | ||||||||
| BMI (5 kg/m2) | 1.54 | 1.21 to 1.95 | 96.5 | 4 | 86.2 | <0.001 | 0.553 | 1.28 (1.03 to 1.59) |
| Gender (male) | 1.51 | 1.07 to 2.12 | 52.5 | 3 | 4.2 | 0.122 | 0.916 | 1.51 (1.07 to 2.12) |
| Smoker (yes) | 1.82 | 1.49 to 2.23 | 48.0 | 4 | 5.8 | 0.123 | 0.505 | 2.03 (1.65 to 2.49) |
| Race (black) | 1.78 | 1.60 to 1.98 | 1 | |||||
| Age (10 years) | 2.29 | 2.09 to 2.51 | 57.2 | 4 | 7.0 | 0.072 | 0.842 | 2.29 (2.09 to 2.51) |
| HTN (yes) | 3.49 | 1.25 to 9.74 | 98.5 | 4 | 195.9 | <0.001 | 0.111 | 8.35 (3.16 to 22.09) |
| Diabetes (yes) | 3.27 | 2.27 to 4.72 | 93.3 | 6 | 74.6 | <0.001 | 0.278 | 4.49 (3.15 to 6.39) |
| VHD (yes) | 3.92 | 1.85 to 8.31 | 96.2 | 2 | 26.2 | <0.001 | * | |
| CAD (yes) | 5.07 | 2.47 to 10.40 | 97.5 | 4 | 120.5 | <0.001 | 0.496 | 9.63 (4.64 to 20.00) |
| LVH (yes) | 4.4 | 2.25 to 8.58 | 87.2 | 5 | 31.3 | <0.001 | 0.527 | 3.29 (1.63 to 6.64) |
| AF (yes) | 13.77 | 11.79 to 16.08 | 1 | |||||
| (B) Adjusted | ||||||||
| BMI (5 kg/m2) | 1.21 | 1.10 to 1.33 | 94.1 | 9 | 134.8 | <0.001 | 0.062 | 1.05 (0.96 to 1.16) |
| Gender (male) | 1.51 | 1.32 to 1.72 | 58.1 | 8 | 16.7 | 0.019 | 0.020 | 1.32 (1.14 to 1.53) |
| Smoker (yes) | 1.65 | 1.45 to 1.88 | 43.3 | 8 | 12.3 | 0.090 | 0.201 | 1.56 (1.34 to 1.82) |
| Race (black) | 0.96 | 0.75 to 1.23 | 73.3 | 4 | 11.3 | 0.010 | 0.825 | 0.91 (0.72 to 1.16) |
| Age (10 years) | 1.70 | 1.33 to 2.16 | 99.1 | 9 | 848.2 | <0.001 | 0.949 | 1.70 (1.33 to 2.16) |
| HTN (yes) | 1.79 | 1.41 to 2.27 | 91.9 | 11 | 123.7 | <0.001 | 0.533 | 2.55 (1.92 to 3.37) |
| Diabetes (yes) | 1.94 | 1.71 to 2.19 | 56.4 | 11 | 23.0 | 0.011 | 0.400 | 1.94 (1.71 to 2.19) |
| VHD (yes) | 1.74 | 1.07 to 2.84 | 92.9 | 3 | 28.0 | <0.001 | 0.150 | 1.74 (1.07 to 2.84) |
| CAD (yes) | 2.90 | 1.85 to 4.54 | 97.2 | 9 | 285.5 | <0.001 | 0.987 | 2.90 (1.85 to 4.54) |
| LVH (yes) | 2.46 | 1.71 to 3.53 | 74.1 | 6 | 19.3 | 0.002 | 0.431 | 2.17 (1.47 to 3.19) |
| AF (yes) | 1.88 | 1.60 to 2.21 | 16.2 | 4 | 3.6 | 0.310 | 0.020 | 1.99 (1.66 to 2.39) |
*Egger’s test was used only if the number of studies was three or greater.
AF, atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; HTN, hypertension; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; VHD, valvular heart disease.
Columns in bold correspond to pooled HR (95%CI) to differentiate from the Trim-fill HR (95%CI) in the same table. The latter is obtained from Duval and Tweedie's method to check for publication bias.