Table 2.

The systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic parameters.

	t1	t2	t3	t4	t5
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Cardiac index (L·min−1·m−2)
Group 1	2.13 ± 0.57	2.58 ± 0.72	2.36 ± 0.70	2.75 ± 0.66+	2.81 ± 0.62+
Group 2	2.22 ± 0.66	3.09 ± 0.64∗+	2.92 ± 0.73∗+	3.37 ± 0.44∗+	3.25 ± 0.14∗+
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)
Group 1	77.3 ± 11.21	67.8 ± 6.88+	74.0 ± 9.20	78.4 ± 10.69	76.5 ± 6.30
Group 2	75.8 ± 13.53	65.9 ± 8.42+	67.3 ± 9.11∗+	70.1 ± 9.66*	70.5 ± 4.95*
Central venous pressure (mmHg)
Group 1	8.88 ± 1.57	9.35 ± 2.31	9.17 ± 2.32	8.78 ± 0.96	8.97 ± 0.78
Group 2	8.47 ± 1.05	8.82 ± 2.03	8.55 ± 1.83	8.56 ± 0.93	8.60 ± 0.93
Heart rate (beats/min)
Group 1	69.8 ± 12.83	85.4 ± 12.42+	85.8 ± 14.71+	93.5 ± 18.45+	92.3 ± 14.83+
Group 2	69.9 ± 10.23	67.7 ± 9.09*	67.4 ± 9.15*	69.7 ± 9.26*	72.9 ± 4.65*
Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mmHg)
Group 1	21.7 ± 5.59	22.0 ± 5.50	21.2 ± 5.69	21.2 ± 6.28	20.4 ± 5.93
Group 2	19.7 ± 4.38	20.4 ± 3.28	20.1 ± 4.18	19.5 ± 3.87	20.1 ± 4.49
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mmHg)
Group 1	16.2 ± 4.57	16.2 ± 4.46	16.4 ± 4.59	15.7 ± 5.66	15.7 ± 5.46
Group 2	15.5 ± 4.00	15.4 ± 4.18	15.1 ± 3.62	14.5 ± 4.51	15.4 ± 4.21
Systemic vascular resistance (dyne·sec/cm5)
Group 1	520.8 ± 126.3	419.3 ± 101.7	460.1 ± 111.5	354.2 ± 85.9	414.3 ± 100.5
Group 2	486.5 ± 117.9	212.5 ± 51.5*	256.8 ± 62.2*	230.2 ± 55.8*	247.9 ± 60.1*
Pulmonary vascular resistance (dyne·sec/cm5)
Group 1	82.4 ± 20.0	59.6 ± 14.4	56.0 ± 13.5	54.5 ± 13.2	74.4 ± 18.0
Group 2	61.7 ± 14.9	31.3 ± 7.6*	37.1 ± 9.0*	33.1 ± 8.0*	25.2 ± 6.1*

Group I: general anesthesia;

Group II: combined general anesthesia and HTEA with levobupivacaine;

t1: preoperatively;

t2: after separation from cardiopulmonary bypass;

t3: arrival in the intensive care unit;

t4: 6 hours after arrival in the intensive care unit;

t5: 24 hours after arrival in the intensive care unit;

^∗ P < 0.05: significant difference between Group I and Group II;

⁺ P < 0.05: significant difference between the values when compared with t1 value within the groups.