Table 2.

Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with HCC recurrence

Factor	N	Recurrence rate (%)		Univariate analysis (p value)	Multivariate Analysis (p value)	Hazard ratio	95% CI
		1-year	3-year
Gender				0.255	NA	NA	NA
Male	717	26.1	47.3
Female	109	22.0	42.2
Age				0.531	NA	NA	NA
< 50	361	26.6	48.8
50-59	293	27.0	45.4
≥ 60	172	20.9	44.2
Cirrhosis				0.178	NA	NA	NA
Yes	534	25.8	48.5
No	292	25.0	43.2
Diabetes				0.441	NA	NA	NA
Yes	46	23.9	52.2
No	780	25.6	46.3
Metformin usea				0.574	NA	NA	NA
Yes	8	12.5	37.5
No	818	25.7	46.7
Anti-HBV therapy (n = 282)b				0.158	NA	NA	NA
Yes	216	26.4	44.4
No	66	34.8	51.5
Serum HBsAg level (S/CO)				0.006	0.026	1.538	1.054-2.243
< 2000	137	21.2	36.5
≥ 2000	689	26.4	48.6
Seropositive HBeAg				0.032	0.022	1.424	1.052-1.928
Negative	594	26.3	44.3
Positive	232	23.7	52.6
Serum HBV DNA level (IU/ml) (n = 773)c				0.013	0.910	1.017	0.761-1.359
< 2000	345	22.0	42.6
≥ 2000	428	28.3	50.0
ALT (U/L)				0.014	0.804	0.960	0.693-1.329
≤ 41	485	23.7	42.5
> 41	341	28.2	52.5
AST (U/L)				< 0.001	0.857	1.033	0.727-1.467
≤ 37	493	20.7	41.6
> 37	333	32.7	54.1
TBIL (μmol/L)				0.285	NA	NA	NA
≤ 18.8	680	24.9	45.7
> 18.8	146	28.8	50.7
γ-GT (U/L)				< 0.001	0.003	1.561	1.164-2.093
≤ 61	435	18.2	36.1
> 61	391	33.8	58.3
ALP (U/L)				0.036	0.053	0.648	0.417-1.006
≤ 129	729	24.0	45.5
> 129	97	37.1	54.6
AFP (μg/L)				0.020	0.546	1.092	0.821-1.453
≤ 20	335	17.9	43.0
> 20	491	30.8	49.1
ALB (g/L)				0.195	NA	NA	NA
< 34	14	14.3	28.6
≥ 34	812	25.7	46.9
Prealbumin (mg/L)				0.118	NA	NA	NA
< 170	211	33.2	50.7
≥ 170	615	22.9	45.2
PT (s)				0.043	0.025	1.451	1.047-2.011
≤ 13	704	25.1	45.0
> 13	122	27.9	55.7
WBC (*109/L)				0.676	NA	NA	NA
< 4	155	22.6	45.8
≥ 4	671	26.2	46.8
PLT (*109/L)				0.280	NA	NA	NA
< 100	153	26.1	51.6
≥ 100	673	25.4	45.5
Tumor number				< 0.001	0.003	1.621	1.183-2.222
single	677	21.0	42.2
multiple	149	46.3	66.4
Tumor size (cm)				< 0.001	0.012	1.219	1.044-1.424
≤ 3	259	13.1	35.1
3~5	272	23.5	44.5
5~10	216	33.3	56.9
> 10	79	51.9	63.3
Capsule formation				< 0.001	0.149	0.787	0.569-1.089
Yes	691	22.7	44.6
No	135	40.0	57.0
Edmonson grading				0.032	0.521	0.911	0.684-1.212
I	9	11.1	22.2
II	199	13.1	39.7
III	598	29.6	49.2
IV	20	35.0	50.0
Portal vein invasion				< 0.001	0.007	1.832	1.184-2.836
Yes	62	59.7	79.0
No	764	22.8	44.0
Microvascular invasion				< 0.001	0.083	1.285	0.968-1.705
Yes	261	41.0	58.6
No	565	18.4	41.1
Cutting margin (cm) (n = 590)c				0.001	0.119	0.735	0.499-1.082
< 1	478	25.9	46.7
≥ 1	112	12.5	30.4

HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HBeAg, hepatitis B e antigen; WBC, white blood cell; PLT, platelet; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; TBIL, total bilirubin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALB, albumin; PT, prothrombin time; γ-GT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase.

^aDrug users indicate patients using a drug at least 1 day pen month on average.

^bOnly determined in patients with HBV DNA≥ 2000IU/mL and recieving antivirual therapy within 1 month pre-operation or within 3 months post-operation.

^cNumber of available data.