Table 1.

Participant characteristics by site

Variables	Paarl (N = 258)		Rietvlei (N = 189)		Umlazi (N = 194)
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Infant gender, (% male)	142	55.0	92	48.7	113	58.3
Birth weight, (%)
Low birth weight (<2.5Kg)	21	8.1	6	3.2	11	5.7
Normal birth weight (2.5- < 4Kg)	219	84.9	134	70.9	172	88.7
Macrosomia (≥4Kg)	11	4.3	16	8.5	7	3.6
Missing	7	2.7	33	17.5	4	2.1
Maternal age (y), %
15–25	160	62.0	122	64.6	134	69.1
26–44	98	37.9	67	35.5	60	30.9
Parity, %
Primipara	126	48.8	78	41.3	114	41.2
Multipara	132	51.2	111	58.7	80	41.2
Maternal education (grade), %
0–7	28	10.9	37	19.6	9	4.5
8–10	117	45.4	108	57.1	53	27.3
11–12	109	42.3	44	23.3	114	588
>12	4	1.6	0	0	18	9.3
Delivery mode, %
Vaginal	217	84.1	148	78.3	116	59.8
C-section	37	14.3	26	13.8	74	38.1
Missing	4	1.6	15	7.9	4	2.1