Table 1.

Summary of Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Service summary
Service definition	Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is a direct service for children and adolescents and their nonoffending caregivers. The approach uses cognitive behavioral principles and exposure techniques to address symptoms of post-traumatic stress following trauma exposure as well as symptoms of depression, behavior problems, and caregiver difficulties. Key elements of the intervention include psychoeducation (e.g., common reactions to trauma exposure), coping skills (e.g., relaxation, feelings identification, cognitive coping), gradual exposure (e.g., imaginal, in-vivo), cognitive processing of trauma-related thoughts and beliefs, and caregiver involvement (e.g., parent training, conjoint child-parent sessions). To accommodate a variety of traumatic experiences, TF-CBT includes general psychoeducational materials with recommendations for tailoring treatment for individuals who have experienced physical abuse, sexual abuse, interpersonal violence, or natural disasters.
Service goals	To provide a process in which the child and his or her nonoffending caregivers learn about trauma and develop strategies to reduce related stress and modulate and control associated feelings and thoughts To provide structured opportunities for children and adolescents, with the support of their nonoffending caregiver(s), to process the trauma and learn to cope with stimuli that may lead to traumatic reactions To support the child or adolescent in developing and maintaining a secure sense of safety as well as adaptive social skills
Populations	Children and adolescents who have experienced trauma and have trauma-related symptoms, including post-traumatic stress disorder
Settings for service delivery	Outpatient facilities, schools, client homes; individual and group therapy settings, (research was limited to outpatient settings)